garland chrysanthemum

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Chrysanthemum coronarium
• Dendranthema coronarium
• Chrysanthemum roxburghii
• Glebionis coronaria var. discolor
• Glebionis discolor
• Matricaria coronaria
• Xantophtalmum coronarium
• Chamaemelum coronarium
• Pinardia coronaria
• Xantophtalmum coronarium var. discolor
• Chrysanthemum coronarium subsp. discolor
• Glebionis roxburghii
• Chrysanthemum coronarium var. concolor
• Chrysanthemum coronarium alboplenum
• Matricaria oleracea
• Chrysanthemum breviradiatum
• Buphthalmum oleraceum
• Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum
• Chrysanthemum coronarium var. discolor
• Chrysanthemum matricariodes
• Chrysanthemum coronarium alboflavum

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant, known scientifically as Glebionis coronaria, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta. It is classified within the class Equisetopsida and the subclass Magnoliidae, falling under the order Asterales. Finally, it is a member of the family Asteraceae and is situated within the genus Glebionis.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad distribution across several regions of the European continent. In Northern Europe, its presence is documented in Great Britain, Ireland, and Norway. The species also extends its reach into the central parts of the continent. Specifically, it can be found within the borders of Middle Europe, including Austria and Belgium. These varying locations highlight the diverse environmental range inhabited by the species.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Glebionis coronaria is characterized by its distribution within lowland environments, where it thrives in low-altitude territories. The species occupies an elevational range that extends from sea level (0 m AMSL) up to a maximum altitude of 1000 m AMSL.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

Lowland

Life history

The life history of Glebionis coronaria is characterized by an annual lifecycle, meaning the plant completes its entire developmental process from germination to seed production within a single growing season. In terms of its structural growth strategy, it is classified as a therophyte, a life form that survives the unfavorable seasons primarily in the form of seeds, with the vegetative body dying off completely once the reproductive cycle is finished.

Life form :

therophyte

Lifecycle :

annual

Morphology

The morphology of Gleboionia coronaria is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb and forb. It is a terrestrial species that functions as an independent organism, lacking parasitic tendencies. The plant exhibits an erect shoot orientation and is self-supporting rather than acting as a liana, vine, or climber. In terms of stature, the plant height is variable, with a minimum height of 0.15 m, a mean height of approximately 0.7 m, and a maximum height reaching up to 1.5 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1.5 m

Plant height mean:

0.7 m

Plant height min:

0.15 m

Shoot orientation :

erect

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Glebioinis coronaaria is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. The plant's vegetative structure is defined by an alternate leaf arrangement, featuring leaves that exhibit a pinnatisect form. These leaves vary significantly in dimensions, with a minimum leaf length of 2 cm and a maximum length reaching up to 10 cm, while the width fluctuates between a minimum of 1 cm and a maximum of 5 cm.

Leaf arrangement :

alternate

Leaf form :

pinnatisect

Leaf length max:

10 cm

Leaf length min:

2 cm

Leaf width max:

5 cm

Leaf width min:

1 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Glebionis coronaria is characterized by a bisexual sexual reproduction system where self-fertilization is absent, necessitating biotic pollination. The plant utilizes an insect-based pollination syndrome to facilitate fertilization. The flowering period is highly variable, typically beginning in December and concluding in April, with flowers featuring a white color and widths ranging from 3 to 6 cm. Following pollination, the plant produces fruit in the form of an indehiscent achene, which measures between 0.25 and 0.35 cm in length. Each fruit is highly prolific, containing more than 1000 seeds. The seeds themselves are uniform in length at 2.8 mm, with a mean mass of approximately 0.0020766665 g (ranging from a minimum of 0.0005 g to a maximum of 0.00491 g). Dispersal is achieved through a combination of autochorous and anthropochorous syndromes, allowing the seeds to spread via self-dispersal mechanisms and human activity.

Dehiscence :

indehiscent

Dispersal syndrome :

autochorous

Dispersal syndrome :

anthropochorous

Flower colour :

white

Flower width max:

6 cm

Flower width min:

3 cm

Flowering time :

Dec

Flowering time :

Apr

Fruit length max:

0.35 cm

Fruit length min:

0.25 cm

Fruit type :

achene

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Reproduction sexual :

bisexual

Seed length mean:

2.8 mm

Seed mass max:

0.00491 g

Seed mass mean:

0.0020766665 g

Seed mass min:

5e-04 g

Seeds_per_fruit :

>1000

Self fertilization :

absent

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Glebionis coronaria has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include seed.

Seed

1. Biological chemistry

Chemicals

Glebionis coronaria has 31 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include ascorbic acid, quercetin, Ash, CALCIUM, Carotenoids.

ascorbic acid

1. Dr. Duke
2. Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia

quercetin

1. RSC advances
2. Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia

Ash

1. Dr. Duke

CALCIUM

1. Dr. Duke

Carotenoids

1. Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia

Chrysazin

1. Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia

Chrysophanol

1. Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia

Coronaric acid

1. Dr. Duke

Dihydrocumambrin A

1. Dr. Duke

FAT

1. Dr. Duke

Activities

Glebionis coronaria has 236 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Laxative, Acidulant, Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor, Allergenic, Analgesic.

Laxative

1. Dr. Duke
2. Prikladnaia biokhimiia i mikrobiologiia

Acidulant

1. Dr. Duke

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

1. Dr. Duke

Allergenic

1. Dr. Duke

Analgesic

1. Dr. Duke

Androgenic?

1. Dr. Duke

Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker

1. Dr. Duke

AntiAGE

1. Dr. Duke

AntiCFS

1. Dr. Duke

AntiCTS

1. Dr. Duke

Preparations