Red Horned-Poppy

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Red Horned-Poppy
• black-spot horned-poppy
• bristly horned-poppy
• Red Horned Poppy

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Chelidonium phoeniceum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. tricolorum
• Glaucium corniculatum subsp. phoeniceum
• Glaucium corniculatum subsp. tricolor
• Glaucium corniculatum var. phoeniceum
• Glaucium corniculatum f. pinnatifidum
• Glaucium grenieranum
• Chelidonium corniculatum
• Chelidonium aurantiacum
• Chelidonium glabrum
• Chelidonium rubrum
• Glaucium aurantiacum
• Glaucium aureum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. mauritanicum
• Glaucium corniculatum f. pinnatifidum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. purpureum
• Glaucium intermedium
• Glaucium rubrum
• Mosenthinia glaucium
• Glaucium corniculatum var. phoeniceum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. rubrum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. sublobatum
• Glaucium caricum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. aurantiacum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. braunianum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. caricum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. flaviflorum
• Glaucium corniculatum var. tricolor
• Glaucium phoeniceum
• Glaucium tricolor

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. It falls under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Ranunculales, specifically within the family Papaveraceae. Finally, its taxonomic identity is defined by the genus Glaucium, which includes the species Glaucium corniculatum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad distribution across several regions of the European continent. In Northern Europe, its presence is documented in Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Moving toward the center of the continent, it can also be found throughout Middle Europe. Specifically, its range extends into the mountainous landscapes of Austria. Additionally, the species is known to inhabit the regions of Czechia and Slovakia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Glaucium corniculatum is characterized by its ability to thrive in a diverse range of environments, spanning from sea level up to an elevation of 1000 m AMSL. This species demonstrates significant ecological plasticity, colonizing varied habitats including crop fields, old fields, and roadsides, as well as more rugged terrains such as mountains and stony places. Its presence in both disturbed anthropogenic sites and natural rocky landscapes highlights its adaptability to different soil compositions and levels of disturbance.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Habitat :

crop fields, mountains, old fields, roadsides, stony places

Life history

The life history of Glaucium corniculatum is characterized by a lifecycle that is typically annual, though it can exhibit variable growth patterns depending on environmental conditions. As a therophyte, the plant completes its entire life cycle within a single growing season, relying on seeds to survive unfavorable periods. In terms of its structural development, it functions as a deciduous species, shedding its foliage as part of its seasonal progression. This combination of an annual lifecycle and a therophyte life form allows it to rapidly colonize available niches before retreating into a seed stage.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

therophyte

Lifecycle :

annual

Morphology

The morphology of Glaucium corniculatum is characterized by a non-woody, herbaceous growth habit, specifically classified as a forb. This terrestrial plant is self-supporting rather than acting as a climber or liana, and it functions as an independent organism without parasitic tendencies. In terms of stature, it is a relatively small species with a plant height ranging from a minimum of 0.1 m to a maximum of 1 m, maintaining an average height of approximately 0.325 m. Its shoots exhibit an ascending orientation as they grow upward from the ground.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

1 m

Plant height mean:

0.325 m

Plant height min:

0.1 m

Shoot orientation :

ascending

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Glaucium cornuculatum is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. The plant's vegetative architecture features distinct pinnatifid leaf forms, optimized for light interception and gas exchange. Morphologically, the leaves exhibit significant variability in dimension; the leaf length ranges from a minimum of 10 cm to a maximum of 25 cm, while the leaf width fluctuates between a minimum of 1.5 cm and a maximum of 3 cm, maintaining a mean width of approximately 4.5 cm. These structural parameters support the plant's physiological demands within its specific ecological niche.

Leaf form :

pinnatifid

Leaf length max:

25 cm

Leaf length min:

10 cm

Leaf width max:

3 cm

Leaf width mean:

4.5 cm

Leaf width min:

1.5 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Glaucium corniculatum is characterized by a specialized flowering period and specific pollination and dispersal mechanisms. The plant begins its flowering cycle in April and continues through July, producing flowers that typically range in length from 3 cm to 4 cm. These flowers are notable for their black coloration and are serviced through a biotic pollination syndrome, specifically relying on insects to facilitate the reproductive process. Notably, self-fertilization is absent in this species, necessitating cross-pollination. Following successful fertilization, the plant develops fruit in the form of a capsule. These capsules vary in size, with a mean length of 12 cm (ranging from a minimum of 10 cm to a maximum of 20 cm) and a mean width of 0.3 cm. The resulting seeds are quite small, with a mean mass of 0.000876 g, though they can range from a minimum of 0.00058 g to a maximum of 0.00102 g. Once mature, the seeds are distributed via an anemochorous dispersal syndrome, utilizing the wind to spread throughout its habitat.

Dispersal syndrome :

anemochorous

Flower colour :

black

Flower length max:

4 cm

Flower length min:

3 cm

Flowering time :

Apr

Flowering time :

Jul

Fruit length max:

20 cm

Fruit length mean:

12 cm

Fruit length min:

10 cm

Fruit type :

capsule

Fruit width mean:

0.3 cm

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Seed mass max:

0.00102 g

Seed mass mean:

0.000876 g

Seed mass min:

0.00058 g

Self fertilization :

absent

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Glaucium corniculatum has 3 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Allocryptopine, Tetrahydroberberine N-oxide, tetrahydropalmatine.

Allocryptopine

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Tetrahydroberberine N-oxide

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tetrahydropalmatine

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Activities

Glaucium corniculatum has 2 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Neuroprotective.

Antioxidant

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Neuroprotective

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