Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as the maidenhair tree, is one of the world's oldest living tree species. Renowned for its unique fan-shaped leaves, this botanical wonder is widely utilized in traditional medicine to support cognitive function, enhance memory, and improve blood circulation, offering potent antioxidant benefits for brain health.
- Scientific name: Ginkgo biloba
- Family: Ginkgoaceae
- Native range: Europe
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Ginkgoidae. It is uniquely positioned within the order Ginkgoales and the family Ginkgoaceae. Ultimately, it is classified under the single-species genus Ginkgo.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Ginkgoidae | WCVP |
| Order | Ginkgoales | WCVP |
| Family | Ginkgoaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Ginkgo | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution that spans across several distinct regions. In Asia, its natural range includes China South-Central, China North-Central, and China Southeast. Moving toward the European continent, the species can be found in Southeastern Europe, specifically within Romania. Additionally, the plant is present in Middle Europe, notably in Austria. These diverse locations highlight the plant's ability to establish itself across various environmental zones.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Middle Europe | Austria | WCVP |
| Southeastern Europe | Romania | WCVP |
| China | China South-Central | WCVP |
| China | China North-Central | WCVP |
| China | China Southeast | WCVP |
| Eastern Asia | Japan | WCVP |
| Eastern Asia | Korea | WCVP |
| North-Central U.S.A. | Illinois | WCVP |
Chemicals
Ginkgo biloba has 232 reported phytochemicals identified across 599 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include flavonoids, bilobalide, quercetin, kaempferol, ginkgolide B.
- Total chemicals
- 232
- Scientific sources
- 599
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| flavonoids | 39 | ★★★★★ |
| bilobalide | 34 | ★★★★★ |
| quercetin | 34 | ★★★★★ |
| kaempferol | 27 | ★★★★★ |
| ginkgolide B | 25 | ★★★★★ |
| EGb | 14 | ★★★★★ |
| ginkgolic acids | 14 | ★★★★★ |
| ginkgolide A | 14 | ★★★★★ |
| rutin | 14 | ★★★★★ |
| terpenoids | 14 | ★★★★★ |
Activities
Ginkgo biloba has 45 reported activities identified across 119 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Neuroprotective, Anticancer, Antibacterial, Hepatoprotective.
- Total activities
- 45
- Scientific sources
- 119
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | 27 | ★★★★★ |
| Neuroprotective | 18 | ★★★★★ |
| Anticancer | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| Antibacterial | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Hepatoprotective | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antidementia | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antihypertensive | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antimicrobial | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antitumor | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cardioprotective | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Ginkgo biloba has 240 reported medicinal uses identified across 508 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include dementia, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress.
- Total uses
- 240
- Scientific sources
- 508
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| dementia | 27 | ★★★★★ |
| Alzheimer's disease | 26 | ★★★★★ |
| cancer | 13 | ★★★★★ |
| cardiovascular diseases | 13 | ★★★★★ |
| oxidative stress | 13 | ★★★★★ |
| cognitive impairment | 9 | ★★★★☆ |
| memory | 9 | ★★★★☆ |
| tinnitus | 9 | ★★★★☆ |
| anxiety | 8 | ★★★★☆ |
| cerebral ischemia | 8 | ★★★★☆ |