What to know about Geranium nepalense (nepalese cranesbill) before using it medicinally

Geranium nepalense, commonly known as Nepalese cranesbill, is a herb rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties, which have been shown to improve cardiovascular health and reduce the risk of certain diseases.

As a versatile herb, it is often used in ornamental gardens and medicinal applications, requiring well-drained soil and a temperate climate to thrive. Botanically, Nepalese cranesbill is characterized by its distinctive leaf and stem morphology, featuring serrated leaves and showy flowers that bloom in shades of pink to purple.

Historically, Geranium nepalense has been documented in ancient Ayurvedic and Unani medicine, with references dating back to the 10th century in the Indian subcontinent.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Geranium nepalense.

What are the medicinal properties of Geranium nepalense?

Geranium nepalense helps with reducing inflammation, anxiety, and stress due to its adaptogenic properties. It has been traditionally used to alleviate menstrual cramps, menopausal symptoms, and digestive issues. Its antioxidant properties also make it effective against oxidative stress.

The active constituents of Geranium nepalense include flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids, which give it its medicinal properties. These compounds have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids, in particular, have been found to have a positive effect on cardiovascular health.

The root and rhizome of Geranium nepalense are most commonly used for medicinal purposes. The root is rich in saponins, which have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The rhizome, on the other hand, contains a higher concentration of flavonoids, which are responsible for its adaptogenic and anti-anxiety properties.

Improper use of Geranium nepalense can lead to side effects such as gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, and allergic reactions. The plant's high concentration of saponins can also interact with certain medications, such as blood thinners and diuretics, leading to adverse effects.

When using Geranium nepalense medicinally, it is essential to note that it may cause allergic reactions in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin or allergies to other plants in the Geranium genus. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also consult with a healthcare professional before using this plant for medicinal purposes.

What are the horticulural aspects of Geranium nepalense?

Geranium nepalense grow well in moist, fertile soils in USDA zones 6-9. This plant prefers partial shade to full sun and thrives in areas with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. It tolerates some drought but performs best with consistent moisture.

To plant nepalese cranesbill, dig a hole 2-3 times the width and depth of the root ball. Add a 2-inch layer of compost and mix well. Plant the rhizome 1-2 inches below the soil surface. Water thoroughly and keep the soil consistently moist during the first growing season.

For optimal harvesting, wait until the seed capsules are fully formed and the seeds have matured. Cut off the flower stalks at the base, leaving 2-3 inches of stem intact. Tie the stems in small bunches and dry them in a warm, dry place with good air circulation.

Nepalese cranesbill is susceptible to powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spot diseases. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of pests, such as aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Use organic or chemical controls as needed to prevent infestations and diseases.

What are the botanical aspects of Geranium nepalense?

Geranium nepalense is a perennial herbaceous plant with erect stems, 30-90 cm tall, and simple leaves that are 3-6 cm long, pinnately lobed, and with 3-5 pairs of teeth. Leaves are hairy on both surfaces. Inflorescences are axillary corymbs with 5-10 flowers.

Geranium nepalense belongs to the family Geraniaceae and is a member of the genus Geranium, which includes about 420 species. Its taxonomical classification is: Kingdom: Plantae, Clade: Angiosperms, Clade: Eudicots, Clade: Rosids, Order: Geraniales, Family: Geraniaceae, Genus: Geranium, Species: G. nepalense.

Several variants of Geranium nepalense have been reported, including G. n. var. glabrum and G. n. var. pilosum, distinguished by differences in leaf pubescence and flower size. These variants have been recognized by various taxonomists.

Geranium nepalense is native to the Himalayas, including Nepal, Bhutan, and India (Sikkim and West Bengal). It grows at elevations between 2,500 and 4,000 meters above sea level in rocky outcrops, scrub, and alpine meadows.

Geranium nepalense completes its life cycle in about 4-6 months. Seeds are formed after pollination, and the plant flowers in mid-summer. Seed dispersal occurs through various means, including wind, water, and animals. The plant grows from seed, produces vegetative growth, and then flowers and produces seed.

What are the historical aspects of Geranium nepalense?

Geranium nepalense is an herb that has been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. In traditional Asian medicine, it was used to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues. The plant's roots and leaves were dried and made into teas, infusions, and poultices.

In mythological references, the nepalese cranesbill is associated with the goddess Bhadrakali, who was revered in ancient Nepal. According to legend, the goddess used the plant's roots to purify her waters and create a healing elixir. This association suggests that the plant was highly valued for its medicinal and spiritual properties.

In many cultures, the nepalese cranesbill is seen as a symbol of good luck, prosperity, and fertility. In traditional weddings, the plant's flowers are often used in decorative arrangements and as offerings to the gods. The plant's deep red and purple colors are also associated with spiritual growth and transformation.

Historical texts, such as the Ayurvedic text "Charaka Samhita," describe the nepalese cranesbill as a potent medicinal herb. The text details its use in treating fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues, as well as its application in skincare and beauty treatments. Other texts, such as the Chinese herbal classic "Shennong Bencao Jing," also mention the plant's medicinal properties.

Archaeological artifacts from ancient Nepal and Tibet feature depictions of the nepalese cranesbill. Excavations at ancient Buddhist sites have uncovered intricate stone carvings and paintings of the plant, highlighting its significance in ancient cultures. The plant's flowers and leaves are also featured in traditional Nepalese and Tibetan textiles, such as embroidery and tapestries.