false jessamine
Gelsemium sempervirens · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Moderate (124 studies) · ★★★☆☆
False jessemine, scientifically known as Gelsemium sempervirens, is a climbing evergreen vine native to East Asia. Renowned for its fragrant, star-shaped white flowers, it holds significant place in traditional medicine. While containing potent alkaloids used for neurological research, its extreme toxicity requires cautious handling and precise pharmacological application.
Names
Common Names
- Carolina-jasmine
- evening trumpet-flower
- gelsemium
- woodbine
- yellow-jessamine
- Carolina jasmine
- Carolina jessamine
- Carolina yellow jessamine
- yellow jessamine
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- bejuco colorado
German:
- Carolina-Jasmin
- Carolina-Jasmin
French:
- Jasmin de Caroline
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Gelsemium sempervirensSynonyms
- Jeffersonia sempervirens
- Lisianthius volubilis
- Lisianthius sempervirens
- Bignonia sempervirens
- Gelsemium lucidum
- Gelsemium nitidum
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Gentianales, it is classified under the family Gelsemiaceae. Finally, it is identified by its specific genus, Gelsemium.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Gentianales | WCVP |
| Family | Gelsemiaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Gelsemium | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a specific geographical range across several regions of the United States. Within the South-Central U.S.A., it can be found growing in Texas. Moving into the Southeastern U.S.A., the species is also present in Alabama and Arkansas. Furthermore, its distribution extends into the southeastern states of Florida and Georgia. These locations highlight the preferred habitats where this medicinal plant thrives.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| South-Central U.S.A. | Texas | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | Alabama | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | Arkansas | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | Florida | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | Georgia | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | Louisiana | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | Mississippi | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | North Carolina | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | South Carolina | WCVP |
| Southeastern U.S.A. | Tennessee | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, commonly known as jasmine vine, is a woody climber characterized by its specific morphological structures. The stem is twining and flexible, allowing the plant to ascend various supports to reach sunlight. Below the surface, the plant utilizes its roots to anchor itself firmly into the soil and absorb essential nutrients. Additionally, the presence of rhizomes helps the plant spread vegetatively, enabling it to colonize new areas and persist through different growing seasons.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| rhizome | Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| root | Pharmaceutical biology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem | Journal of natural products (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Gelsemium sempervirens has 22 reported phytochemicals identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include GELSEMINE, GELSEDINE, Gelsevirine, scopoletin, 1-Methoxy-gelsemine.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| GELSEMINE | 5 supporting sources | ★★★☆☆ |
| GELSEDINE | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Gelsevirine | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| scopoletin | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1-Methoxy-gelsemine | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 21-Oxogelsemine | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 9-Hydroxysemperoside | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Brasoside | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| EO | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Emodin monomethyl ether | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
GELSEMINE
- Dr. Duke
- Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo
- BMC complementary and alternative medicine
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Journal of natural products
GELSEDINE
- Dr. Duke
- Journal of natural products
Gelsevirine
- Dr. Duke
- Journal of natural products
scopoletin
- Dr. Duke
- European journal of pharmacology
1-Methoxy-gelsemine
- Dr. Duke
21-Oxogelsemine
- Journal of natural products
9-Hydroxysemperoside
- Dr. Duke
Brasoside
- Dr. Duke
EO
- Dr. Duke
Emodin monomethyl ether
- Dr. Duke
Activities
Gelsemium sempervirens has 74 reported activities identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Analgesic, Antioxidant, Anxiolytic, Cytotoxic, Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Analgesic | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anxiolytic | BMC complementary and alternative medicine (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cytotoxic | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Allelochemic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anesthetic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anthelmintic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AntiHIV | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiadrenergic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Gelsemium sempervirens has 10 reported medicinal uses identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include anxiety, cancer, anxiolytic, asthma, headache.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| anxiety | Pharmaceutical biology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cancer | Pharmacognosy reviews (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| anxiolytic | BMC complementary and alternative medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| asthma | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| headache | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| migraine | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| nervous system | Pharmacognosy reviews (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| neuralgia | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| pain | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| whooping cough | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| 2c and 9c dilutions | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 2c dilution | Journal of ethnopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| An extract of the stem of Gelsemium sempervirens | Journal of natural products (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| MeOH extract of the stem | Journal of natural products (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crude ethanolic extracts | Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethanolic extract | European journal of pharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethanolic extracts | Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| homeopathic mother tinctures | Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| honey | Journal of applied toxicology : JAT (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |