Garcinia xanthochymus ex
Garcinia xanthochymus · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Sparse (79 studies) · ★★☆☆☆
Garcinia xanthochymus ex, scientifically known as Garcinia xanthochymus, is a tropical fruit-bearing tree prized for its medicinal properties. Found across Southeast Asia, its fleshy, yellow pulp and rind contain bioactive compounds used traditionally to treat inflammation, digestive issues, and skin ailments, offering significant potential in modern pharmacological research.
- Family
- Clusiaceae
- Native range
- Asia-Temperate
- Parts used
- Seed · Bark
- Common names
- Mysore Gamboge · Gambogetree · 2 more
- Scientific synonyms
- Stalagmitis Pictoria · Xanthochymus Pictorius
Names
Common Names
- Mysore Gamboge
- gambogetree
- sour mangosteen
- false mangosteen
Regional and Traditional Names
French:
- Garcinia tinctoria
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Garcinia xanthochymusSynonyms
- Stalagmitis pictoria
- Xanthochymus pictorius
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified within the phylum Streptophyta and class Equisetopsida. Under the subclass Magnoliidae, it falls into the order Malpighiales and the family Clusiaceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Garcinia, which includes the species Garcinia xanthochymus.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Malpighiales | WCVP |
| Family | Clusiaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Garcinia | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution across several key regions in Asia. Within China, it can be found specifically in the South-Central and Southeast territories. Its presence extends into the Indian Subcontinent, where it is documented in the state of Assam. Additionally, the species is native to the country of Bangladesh. Finally, its habitat includes the ecologically diverse regions of the East Himalaya.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| China | China South-Central | WCVP |
| China | China Southeast | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Assam | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Bangladesh | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | East Himalaya | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | India | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Andaman Is. | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Cambodia | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Garcinia xanthochymus, commonly known as the yellow mangosteen, offers various parts that are utilized for their medicinal and nutritional properties. The bright yellow fruits are widely consumed for their tangy flavor and are a rich source of vitamins and bioactive compounds. The seeds contained within the fruit also hold potential therapeutic value due to their specific chemical constituents. For traditional medicinal purposes, the bark and the roots are frequently employed, often used in decoctions to treat various ailments. Additionally, the sturdy wood of the tree is noted for its durability, though its medicinal application is less common than that of the other components.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| seed | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| bark | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fruits | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| root | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| barks | Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fruit | Chinese journal of natural medicines (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| leaves | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| twigs | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| whole fruits | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| wood | Phytochemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Garcinia xanthochymus has 19 reported phytochemicals identified across 15 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Guttiferone E, Isoxanthochymol, cycloxanthochymol, guttiferone H, (+/-)-Fukugetin.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Guttiferone E | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Isoxanthochymol | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cycloxanthochymol | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| guttiferone H | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+/-)-Fukugetin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,2,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 1,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-7,8-di(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 12b-Hydroxy-des-D-garcigerrin A | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Amentoflavone | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Betulin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Guttiferone E
- Journal of natural products
- Planta medica
Isoxanthochymol
- Journal of natural products
- Planta medica
cycloxanthochymol
- Journal of agricultural and food chemistry
- Journal of natural products
guttiferone H
- Journal of natural products
- Planta medica
(+/-)-Fukugetin
- Journal of natural products
1,2,6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone
- Phytochemistry
1,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-7,8-di(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone
- Phytochemistry
12b-Hydroxy-des-D-garcigerrin A
- Phytochemistry
Amentoflavone
- Journal of natural products
Betulin
- Dr. Duke
Activities
Garcinia xanthochymus has 17 reported activities identified across 15 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Cytotoxic, AntiHIV, Antibacterial, Anticarcinomic, Antidiabetic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Cytotoxic | Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| AntiHIV | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antibacterial | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anticarcinomic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antifeedant | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiflu | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiinflammatory | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antimicrobial | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Garcinia xanthochymus has 11 reported medicinal uses identified across 15 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include obesity, Plasmodium falciparum, adipogenesis, antidiabetic, antioxidant.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| obesity | Biomolecules (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Plasmodium falciparum | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| adipogenesis | Biomolecules (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antidiabetic | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antioxidant | Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cancer | Biomolecules (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cardiovascular diseases | Biomolecules (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| colon cancer | Journal of natural products (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| inflammation | Biomolecules (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| malaria | Planta medica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| EtOAc extract | Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethyl acetate extract the bark of Garcinia xanthochymus | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| extracts of Garcinia xanthochymus | Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fruit EtOAc fraction | Chinese journal of natural medicines (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| methanol extracts | Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| wood | Phytochemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |