Manyflower Garcinia

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Manyflower Garcinia

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Garcinia hainanensis

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Malpighiales and the family Clusiaceae, it is classified under the genus Garcinia. Specifically, it is identified as the species Garcinia multiflora.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse range of habitats across several key regions in Asia. In China, its distribution is notably widespread, covering South-Central, Southeast, and the tropical island of Hainan. The species is also documented in Eastern Asia, specifically within the territory of Taiwan. Moving into the Indo-China region, it can be found growing in Laos. Together, these locations highlight the plant's preference for subtropical and tropical environments across the continent.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Garcinia multiflora is defined by its ability to inhabit a broad altitudinal gradient across its native landscape. This species thrives in diverse topographical settings, ranging from low-lying areas to significant heights. Specifically, its elevational range begins at a minimum of 100 m AMSL and extends up to a maximum of 1900 m AMSL. Throughout these varying terrains, the plant maintains a mean elevation of approximately 1000 m AMSL, indicating a preference for mid-altitude ecological zones while remaining adaptable to both lowland and montane environments.

Elevational range max:

1900 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

100 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Garcinia multiflora is characterized by its classification as a perennial species, ensuring a long-term presence within its ecological niche. As a phanerophyte, the plant maintains its photosynthetic organs on elevated structures, specifically categorized under the life forms of both phanerophyte and nanophanerophyte depending on its specific growth stage and environmental context. Throughout its existence, the plant exhibits an evergreen deciduousness pattern, meaning it retains its foliage year-round, providing a consistent canopy and continuous metabolic activity.

Deciduousness :

evergreen

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Garcinia multiflora is characterized by a woody growth form, specifically developing as a tree. This plant is a terrestrial species that functions as an independent organism, neither acting as a parasite nor an epiphyte. In terms of its structural stature, it is a self-supporting tree that does not exhibit climbing behavior such as a liana or vine. The plant reaches significant dimensions, with its height ranging from a minimum of 5 meters to a maximum of 15 meters, maintaining an average plant height of approximately 10 meters.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

15 m

Plant height mean:

10 m

Plant height min:

5 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Garcinia multiflora is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, indicating its reliance on the standard carbon fixation process typical of many tropical woody species. The plant exhibits specific morphological dimensions in its foliage, with leaf lengths ranging from a minimum of 7 cm to a maximum of 16 cm, maintaining an average leaf length of 11.5 cm. Correspondingly, the leaf width fluctuates between a minimum of 3 cm and a maximum of 6 cm, resulting in a mean leaf width of 4.5 cm. Structural integrity and biomass characteristics are reflected in its stem specific density (SSD), which possesses a mean value of 858 mg/cm³. Furthermore, the species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, relying instead on external soil nutrient availability for its nitrogen requirements.

Leaf length max:

16 cm

Leaf length mean:

11.5 cm

Leaf length min:

7 cm

Leaf width max:

6 cm

Leaf width mean:

4.5 cm

Leaf width min:

3 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Stem specific density (SSD) mean:

858 mg/cm³

Reproduction

The reproduction of Garcinia multiflora is characterized by specific morphological dimensions of its inflorescence and subsequent fruit and seed development. The reproductive cycle begins with the inflorescence, which typically ranges in length from a minimum of 0.05 m to a maximum of 0.07 m. Following successful pollination, the plant produces fruits that exhibit significant variability in size, with lengths measuring between a minimum of 3 cm and a maximum of 5 cm, averaging approximately 4 cm in length. The development of the seeds within these fruits is highly consistent, as the seed mass is recorded at a uniform value of 1.472 g, representing both the minimum and maximum recorded mass, as well as the mean weight.

Fruit length max:

5 cm

Fruit length mean:

4 cm

Fruit length min:

3 cm

Inflorescence length max:

0.07 m

Inflorescence length min:

0.05 m

Seed mass mean:

1.472 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Garcinia multiflora has 2 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include fruit, leaf.

Fruit

1. Journal of separation science
2. Journal of natural products
3. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Leaf

1. Journal of separation science

Chemicals

Garcinia multiflora has 23 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 13,14-didehydoxyisogarcinol, 13-hydroxygarcimultiflorone B, Agathisflavone, Amentoflavone, Flavonoids.

13,14-didehydoxyisogarcinol

1. Journal of natural products

13-hydroxygarcimultiflorone B

1. Journal of natural products

Agathisflavone

1. Journal of natural products

Amentoflavone

1. Journal of natural products

Flavonoids

1. Journal of separation science

GB-1a

1. Journal of natural products

GB-1a hexamethyl ether

1. Journal of natural products

GB-2a

1. Journal of natural products

Gartryprostatin A

1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Gartryprostatin B

1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Activities

Garcinia multiflora has 2 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Cytotoxic, Inflammatory.

Cytotoxic

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Inflammatory

1. Journal of separation science

Conditions

Garcinia multiflora has 7 reported investigations on conditions identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include leukemia, HIV-1, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, erythroleukemia.

Leukemia

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society
2. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Hiv-1

1. Journal of natural products

Cancer

1. Journal of separation science

Cardiovascular diseases

1. Journal of separation science

Erythroleukemia

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

Metabolic diseases

1. Journal of separation science

Respiratory diseases

1. Journal of separation science

Preparations

Garcinia multiflora has 4 reported preparations identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include bark, edible fruits, extracts, fruits.

Bark

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

Edible fruits

1. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Extracts

1. Bioorganic chemistry

Fruits

1. Journal of natural products