Garcinia celebica

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Oxycarpus celebica
• Stalagmitis celebica
• Garcinia ferrea
• Discostigma febrile
• Garcinia broewas
• Garcinia benthamii
• Garcinia basacensis
• Garcinia fabrilis
• Garcinia hombroniana
• Garcinia jawoera
• Garcinia krawang
• Garcinia sintang
• Garcinia rumphii
• Garcinia riedeliana
• Garcinia massoniana

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Malpighiales, it is classified under the family Clusiaceae. Ultimately, the medicinal species Garcinia celebica is identified by its specific genus, Garcinia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific geographical distribution spanning across parts of South and Southeast Asia. Within the Indian Subcontinent, it can be found growing in India. Its range extends further into the Indo-China region, where it is present in Cambodia. Additionally, the species is distributed throughout Laos and Myanmar. Finally, the plant completes its regional presence by inhabiting the tropical areas of Thailand.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Garcinia celebica is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, meaning the plant lives for many years and maintains its physiological functions through multiple growing seasons. As a long-lived species, it does not follow the rapid turnover of annuals or the two-year cycle of biennials, but instead establishes a stable, enduring presence in its natural habitat. This perennial nature allows the plant to invest significant energy into woody structural development and the establishment of a robust root system, which supports its long-term survival and ability to withstand seasonal fluctuations. Over its extended lifespan, the plant undergoes repeated cycles of vegetative growth and reproductive phases, contributing to the long-term stability of its ecosystem.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Garcinia celebica is characterized by its robust growth form as a woody tree. It is a terrestrial species, rather than an epiphyte, and possesses a self-supporting structure. The plant exhibits significant vertical development, with a mean height of approximately 20 m and the capacity to reach a maximum height of 30 m.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Plant height max:

30 m

Plant height mean:

20 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Garcinia celebica is characterized by a metabolic framework typical of many tropical woody species, utilizing a C3 photosynthetic pathway for carbon fixation. This mechanism involves the initial fixation of CO2 into a three-carbon compound via the enzyme RuBisCO, which is the primary method through which the plant synthesizes organic compounds from light energy and atmospheric gases. In terms of nutrient acquisition, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer; it lacks the symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms, meaning it relies on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium present in the soil through its root system to satisfy its nitrogen requirements for protein and nucleic acid synthesis.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Garcinia celebica is characterized by the development of fleshy fruits that serve as the primary vessel for seed dispersal and propagation. Within these fleshy structures, the seeds exhibit a highly consistent morphological profile, maintaining a uniform seed volume across the population. Specifically, the seed volume is measured at a constant 1500 mm³, with both the minimum and maximum observed values, as well as the mean volume, aligning precisely at this 1500 mm³ mark. This consistency in seed size, coupled with the fleshy nature of the fruit, plays a crucial role in the plant's reproductive strategy and subsequent seedling establishment.

Fruit dryness :

fleshy

Seed volume max:

1500 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Garcinia celebica has 1 reported plant parts identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf.

Leaf

1. Pharmacognosy magazine
2. Journal of natural products
3. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Chemicals

Garcinia celebica has 13 reported phytochemicals identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include CATECHIN, (+)-catechin, Clerosterol, Flavonoids, Friedelin.

CATECHIN

1. Pharmacognosy magazine
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

(+)-catechin

1. Pharmacognosy magazine

Clerosterol

1. Natural product research

Flavonoids

1. Tropical biomedicine

Friedelin

1. Natural product research

Friedeline

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

GARCIHOMBRONANE F

1. Natural product research

Garcihombronane C

1. Natural product research

Phenols

1. Tropical biomedicine

Saponins

1. Tropical biomedicine

Activities

Garcinia celebica has 4 reported activities identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Anticancer, Antimalarial, Antimicrobial, Antiplasmodial.

Anticancer

1. Natural product research

Antimalarial

1. Pharmacognosy magazine

Antimicrobial

1. Natural product research

Antiplasmodial

1. Pharmacognosy magazine

Medicinal Uses

Garcinia celebica has 3 reported medicinal uses identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include Plasmodium falciparum, breast cancer, influenza virus.

Most Reported Uses

Preparations