mistletoe fig

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• mistletoe fig

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Ficus diversifolia var. deltoidea

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Rosales, it is classified under the family Moraceae and the genus Ficus. As a member of the Ficus genus, Ficus deltoidea is identified by its specific taxonomic placement within these hierarchical groups.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical range across several key regions of Southeast Asia. Within the Indo-China region, its presence is specifically noted in Thailand. It also has an extensive distribution throughout the Malesia zone, including the island of Borneo. Furthermore, its habitat extends to Jawa and the Malay Peninsula. Finally, the species can be found reaching as far as the Maluku islands.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Ficus deltoidea is characterized by a perennial lifecycle, meaning the plant persists through multiple years rather than completing its cycle in a single growing season. As a long-lived woody species, it maintains its physiological functions and structural integrity over extended periods, allowing it to establish a stable presence within its ecological niche. This enduring nature enables the plant to undergo repeated reproductive cycles, contributing to its long-term survival and ability to adapt to seasonal environmental shifts.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Ficus deltoidea is characterized by its woody structure, manifesting in growth forms that range from a shrub to a tree. It functions as an obligatory epiphyte, often utilizing other structures for support, yet it can also be described as a self-supporting plant. In terms of stature, the species exhibits significant vertical development, with a mean plant height of approximately 2 m and the capacity to reach a maximum height of up to 6 m.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

obligatory

Growth form :

shrub

Growth form :

tree

Plant height max:

6 m

Plant height mean:

2 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Ficus deltoidea is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, a common metabolic strategy among many woody species that involves the direct fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle. This metabolic process dictates its carbon assimilation efficiency and water-use patterns in its native environment. Furthermore, this species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it lacks the specialized symbiotic relationships with diazotrophic bacteria required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms, and instead relies on the uptake of nitrogenous compounds from the soil through its root system.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Ficus deltoidea is characterized by a biotic pollination syndrome, primarily relying on insects to facilitate the transfer of pollen. This insect-mediated process is central to its reproductive cycle, ensuring the successful fertilization required for fruit development. Once fertilization has occurred, the plant produces fleshy fruits, which serve as the vessel for its offspring. The seeds contained within these fleshy fruits are uniform in size, maintaining a consistent seed volume with a minimum, maximum, and mean measurement of 9.6 mm³.

Fruit dryness :

fleshy

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Seed volume max:

9.6 mm³

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Ficus deltoidea has 2 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, fruit.

Leaf

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
2. Saudi journal of biological sciences
3. International journal of cosmetic science

Fruit

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Chemicals

Ficus deltoidea has 23 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoid, Vitexin, AFZELECHIN, CATECHIN, Epicatechin.

Flavonoid

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences
2. BMC complementary and alternative medicine
3. Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society

Vitexin

1. International journal of cosmetic science
2. Data in brief

AFZELECHIN

1. Data in brief

CATECHIN

1. Data in brief

Epicatechin

1. Data in brief

Flavonoids

1. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences

Furanocoumarin

1. Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society

Gallocatechin

1. Data in brief

Hovetrichoside C

1. Data in brief

Isovitexin

1. International journal of cosmetic science

Activities

Ficus deltoidea has 6 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative, Cardioprotective.

Antioxidant

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences
2. International journal of cosmetic science
3. BMC complementary and alternative medicine
4. Neurochemical research

Antidiabetic

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Antimicrobial

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences

Antiproliferative

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences

Cardioprotective

1. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences

Neuroprotective

1. Molecular neurobiology

Conditions

Ficus deltoidea has 11 reported investigations on conditions identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Alzheimer's disease, Osteoarthritis, Osteoporosis, Prostate cancer, blood pressure.

Alzheimer's disease

1. Neurochemical research
2. Molecular neurobiology

Osteoarthritis

1. Calcified tissue international

Osteoporosis

1. Calcified tissue international

Prostate cancer

1. Current issues in molecular biology

Blood pressure

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Blood sugar

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Chikungunya virus

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Cognitive decline

1. Molecular neurobiology

Diabetes mellitus

1. BMC complementary and alternative medicine

Erythema

1. International journal of cosmetic science

Preparations

Ficus deltoidea has 10 reported preparations identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include FD extract, butanol extract, chloroform extract, daily dietary supplement, ethanol.

Fd extract

1. Neurochemical research
2. Calcified tissue international
3. Molecular neurobiology

Butanol extract

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences

Chloroform extract

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences

Daily dietary supplement

1. Journal of ovarian research

Ethanol

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Ethyl acetate extract

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences

Leaf extract

1. International journal of cosmetic science

Methanol extract

1. Saudi journal of biological sciences

Standardized methanolic ficus deltoidea extracts

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

Standardized methanolic extracts

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM