Fernandoa adenophylla

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Haplophragma adenophyllum
• Bignonia adenophylla
• Heterophragma adenophyllum
• Spathodea adenophylla

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Lamiales. Finally, it is a member of the family Bignoniaceae within the genus Fernandoa.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a widespread geographical distribution across several key regions of Asia. Within the Indian Subcontinent, it can be found growing in India, Bangladesh, and the state of Assam. Its range also extends into the Indo-China region, specifically covering parts of Cambodia. Additionally, the species is documented to inhabit the Andaman Islands. These diverse locations highlight the plant's ability to thrive in various tropical environments throughout the continent.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Fernandoa adenophylla is characterized by its ability to inhabit diverse topographical gradients, typically occurring within a broad elevational range from 0 m to 1000 m AMSL. This distribution allows the species to occupy various ecological niches, ranging from lowland coastal or tropical environments to mid-altitude montane zones. By spanning these altitudes, the plant adapts to a variety of microclimates, which may include varying levels of humidity, sunlight exposure, and precipitation patterns common to these altitudinal shifts. Its presence across such a wide vertical gradient suggests a high level of ecological plasticity, enabling it to thrive in different soil compositions and moisture regimes found between sea level and its maximum elevation of 1000 m AMSL.

Elevational range max:

1000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

0 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Fernandoa adenophylla is characterized by its classification as a phanerophyte, a growth form where the perennating buds are located well above the ground on woody stems. Within this biological framework, the species functions specifically as a phanerophyte, ensuring its survival through various seasonal changes by maintaining its regenerative tissues in elevated, protected branches. This life strategy allows the plant to establish a robust, perennial presence in its ecosystem, utilizing its woody structure to endure environmental fluctuations while positioning its buds away from surface-level disturbances.

Life form :

phanerophyte

Morphology

The morphology of Fernandoa adenophylla is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree, capable of reaching a maximum plant height of 15 m. As an independent organism, it does not function as a parasite and maintains a terrestrial existence, rather than being aquatic, semiaquatic, or an epiphyte. While it possesses a self-supporting structure, it is classified as a self-supporting plant rather than an obligatory or facultative climber, liana, or vine. Its structural development is defined by its woody nature, which supports its stature as a substantial tree within its natural habitat.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

15 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Fernandoa adenophylla is characterized by its fundamental metabolic processes, most notably its use of the C3 photosynthetic pathway. As a C3 plant, it fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide directly through the enzyme Rubisco during the Calvin cycle, occurring within the mesophyll cells without the specialized carbon-concentrating mechanisms found in C4 or CAM species. This metabolic strategy dictates its resource management, influencing how the plant regulates stomatal conductance and transpiration to balance carbon uptake with water loss. The efficiency of its photosynthetic rate is closely tied to environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature, which modulate the enzymatic activities required for sugar synthesis. Furthermore, its physiological framework supports robust vegetative growth and the energetic demands necessary for the production of its characteristic floral structures through standard aerobic respiration and nutrient assimilation.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Fernandoa adenophylla is characterized by a highly consistent seed production profile. The seeds produced by this species exhibit a uniform physical dimension, with a recorded seed mass that remains constant across all observed samples. Specifically, the seed mass shows a mean value of 0.0144 g, a maximum value of 0.0144 g, and a minimum value of 0.0144 g. This lack of variance in the mass of the seeds suggests a highly standardized reproductive output, where each individual seed maintains a precise weight of 0.0144 g, ensuring a predictable energetic investment per propagule.

Seed mass mean:

0.0144 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Fernandoa adenophylla has 2 reported plant parts identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, leaf.

Root

1. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics
2. Scientific reports

Leaf

1. Phytochemistry

Chemicals

Fernandoa adenophylla has 2 reported phytochemicals identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include lapachol, Fernandoside.

lapachol

1. PloS one
2. Heliyon

Fernandoside

1. Phytochemistry

Activities

Fernandoa adenophylla has 2 reported activities identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Analgesic, Sedative.

Analgesic

1. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

Sedative

1. Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

Conditions

Fernandoa adenophylla has 2 reported investigations on conditions identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Alzheimer's Disease, Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease

1. PloS one

Alzheimer's disease

1. PloS one