Excoecaria venenata

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Malpighiales, it is classified under the family Euphorbiaceae and is specifically identified by the genus Excoecaria.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is primarily documented within a specific regional range in East Asia. Its known geographical distribution is concentrated in the southeastern part of China. Within this territory, it thrives in the unique environmental conditions provided by the subtropical climate. This localized presence makes it a notable component of the regional flora in China Southeast. Consequently, researchers focusing on its medicinal properties often look toward these specific southeastern habitats.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Morphology

The morphology of Excoecaria venenata is characterized by its stature as a shrubby plant, typically reaching a plant height mean of 1.5 m. The growth habit varies depending on environmental conditions, with the plant height ranging from a minimum of 1 m to a maximum of 2 m.

Plant height max:

2 m

Plant height mean:

1.5 m

Plant height min:

1 m

Physiology

The physiology of Excoecaria venenata is characterized by specific morphological dimensions of its foliage, which play a critical role in its photosynthetic efficiency and surface area regulation. The leaves exhibit significant variability in size, with a mean leaf length of 12 cm, ranging from a minimum of 9 cm to a maximum of 15 cm. Concurrently, the leaf width demonstrates a narrow profile, maintaining a mean width of 1.75 cm, with values fluctuating between a minimum of 1.5 cm and a maximum of 2 cm. These precise dimensions suggest a specialized structural adaptation in the leaf lamina, balancing the requirements for light interception and transpiration control within its physiological framework.

Leaf length max:

15 cm

Leaf length mean:

12 cm

Leaf length min:

9 cm

Leaf width max:

2 cm

Leaf width mean:

1.75 cm

Leaf width min:

1.5 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Excoecaria venenata is primarily facilitated through the production of small, specialized fruits that serve as the vessel for seed dispersal. Morphological analysis of the fruit reveals a high degree of uniformity in its dimensions, as the fruit width maintains a consistent measurement across all observed specimens. Specifically, the fruit width exhibits a mean value of 0.7 cm, which is identical to both its minimum and maximum recorded values of 0.7 cm. This lack of variance in the fruit width, staying strictly at 0.7 cm, suggests a highly stabilized reproductive structure essential for the plant's propagation cycle.

Fruit width max:

0.7 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Excoecaria venenata has 12 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include (+)-catechin, Apocynol A, Baccatin, Cerevisterol, ETHYL GALLATE.

(+)-catechin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Apocynol A

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Baccatin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Cerevisterol

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

ETHYL GALLATE

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Fraxin

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Gallic acid

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

METHYL GALLATE

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

ellagic acid

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

kaempferol

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Preparations