What to know about Evodia rutaecarpa (chinese rue) before using it medicinally

Evodia rutaecarpa, commonly known as Chinese rue, is a herb that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to improve cardiovascular health, reduce inflammation, and alleviate symptoms of anxiety and depression.

As a crop, Evodia rutaecarpa is known for its high yield and adaptability to different climates, making it a popular choice among farmers. Botanically, the herb belongs to the Rutaceae family and is characterized by its bright red berries and aromatic leaves.

In traditional Chinese medicine, Evodia rutaecarpa has been referenced in texts dating back to the 16th century, where it was used to treat a range of ailments from fever to respiratory problems.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Evodia rutaecarpa .

What are the medicinal properties of Evodia rutaecarpa ?

Evodia rutaecarpa, also known as Chinese Rue, helps with reducing inflammation, relieving pain, and improving cardiovascular health. Its extracts have been shown to possess antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and vasodilatory effects. It is also used to treat hypertension, fever, and rheumatism.

The medicinal properties of Evodia rutaecarpa are attributed to the presence of active constituents such as rutaceae alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. These compounds are responsible for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiovascular-protective effects.

The roots and stems of the plant are the most commonly used parts for medicinal purposes. These parts are rich in rutaceae alkaloids and other bioactive compounds. They can be used fresh, dried, or processed into extracts, tinctures, or capsules.

Improper use of Evodia rutaecarpa can cause side effects such as gastrointestinal upset, dizziness, and headaches. Overdose or long-term use can lead to more severe effects, including cardiovascular and renal toxicity.

Precautions should be taken when using Evodia rutaecarpa medicinally, including avoiding use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Additionally, individuals with bleeding disorders or taking anticoagulant medications should consult with a healthcare professional before use.

What are the horticulural aspects of Evodia rutaecarpa ?

Evodia rutaecarpa, also known as Chinese Rue, grow in well-drained soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.0. It requires full sun to partial shade, with average temperatures between 15-30°C (59-86°F). Annual rainfall of 600-800 mm is ideal, with supplemental irrigation during dry spells.

For optimal growth, plant Chinese Rue in a location with good air circulation. Dig a hole twice as wide and as deep as the root ball, and mix in 1-2 kg of compost per plant. Space plants 1-2 meters apart, depending on the variety. Water thoroughly after planting and during the first growing season.

To harvest Chinese Rue, wait until the flowers have faded, and the seeds have matured. Cut off the seed pods, and dry them further by spreading them out in a single layer. Store the dried seeds in an airtight container to preserve viability. Harvest the leaves and stems before flowering, as they are most potent at this stage.

Common pests affecting Chinese Rue include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Fungal diseases such as leaf spot, root rot, and powdery mildew can also occur. Regular monitoring and control measures can help prevent infestations and diseases, reducing the risk of damage to the plant.

What are the botanical aspects of Evodia rutaecarpa ?

Evodia rutaecarpa, also known as Chinese rue, is an evergreen shrub or small tree that belongs to the Rutaceae family. It has a woody stem, 5-10 cm in diameter, with grayish-brown bark and a pubescent branch system. Leaves are elliptic, 4-8 cm long, with a wavy margin.

Evodia rutaecarpa is classified as Rutaceae, subfamily Aurantioideae, tribe Clauseneae, and belongs to the genus Evodia. The plant is native to China and Southeast Asia, and its taxonomic classification has been debated among botanists. Some sources place it in the subfamily Rutoideae.

Two variants of Evodia rutaecarpa are recognized: var. rutaecarpa and var. lancea. The first is found in China and Southeast Asia, while the second is limited to southern China. These variants differ in their leaf shape and size.

The geographical distribution of Evodia rutaecarpa spans from eastern China to Southeast Asia, including Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines. It is commonly found in evergreen forests and scrublands at elevations between 200-1,500 meters.

Evodia rutaecarpa is a dioecious plant, with male and female flowers occurring on separate plants. The male flowers are axillary, in clusters, and contain 5-6 stamens, while the female flowers are solitary and have 3-5 carpels. The fruit is a berry, 1-2 cm in diameter, containing several seeds.

What are the historical aspects of Evodia rutaecarpa ?

Evodia rutaecarpa, also known as Chinese Rue, is an ancient plant with a long history of medicinal use in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It has been used to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues. Chinese physicians have used it for over 2,000 years.

In ancient Chinese mythology, Evodia rutaecarpa was associated with the legendary "El Shih" or "Divine Tree", said to have healing properties and spiritual significance. The plant was also linked to the mythical "Immortal Fruit", believed to grant eternal life.

Evodia rutaecarpa has significant symbolic meanings in Chinese culture. Its branches are considered a symbol of strength and vitality, while its fruit represents fertility and abundance. In Buddhist traditions, the plant is associated with the concept of "non-attachment".

Historical texts, such as the Shennong Ben Cao Jing (Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic, circa 220 AD), record the use of Evodia rutaecarpa for medicinal purposes. The text describes its properties, dosages, and applications for treating various health conditions.

Archaeological findings, such as the discovery of ancient herbal prescriptions in the Mawangdui Tombs (Han Dynasty, 206 BCE-9 CE), have confirmed the historical use of Evodia rutaecarpa in ancient Chinese medicine. The plant's presence in these ancient texts and artifacts underscores its significance in traditional Chinese medicine.