Eurycoma longifolia
Longjack
Eurycoma longifolia, commonly known as the long-leaved Eurycoma, is a remarkable medicinal plant native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. Renowned for its diverse therapeutic properties, it is traditionally utilized in herbal medicine to treat various ailments, offering significant potential for pharmacological research and natural healthcare advancements.
- Scientific name: Eurycoma longifolia
- Family: Simaroubaceae
- Native range: Asia-Tropical
Taxonomical Classification
This plant, Eurycoma longifolia, belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta. Within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized under the order Sapindaales and the family Simaroubaceae. Ultimately, its taxonomic placement is defined by its membership in the genus Eurycoma.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Sapindales | WCVP |
| Family | Simaroubaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Eurycoma | WCVP |
Common Names
This plant, known scientifically as Eurycoma longifolia, is widely recognized across various regions under different linguistic names. In Simplified Chinese, it is referred to as 东革阿里 (zh-hans) and 东革阿里 (zh-cn), while in the contexts of zh-sg, it is also called 东革阿里. In Traditional Chinese, the name is written as 東革阿里 (zh-hant), which is also the standard designation used in Hong Kong (zh-hk).| Language | Common Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| zh-hans | 东革阿里 | Wikidata |
| zh-hant | 東革阿里 | Wikidata |
| zh-hk | 東革阿里 | Wikidata |
| zh-cn | 东革阿里 | Wikidata |
| zh-sg | 东革阿里 | Wikidata |
| zh-tw | 東革阿里 | Wikidata |
| ru | Эврикома длиннолистая | Wikidata |
| bjn | Pasak bumi | Wikidata |
| ms | tongkat ali | Wikidata |
| id | Pasak bumi | Wikidata |
Distribution
This plant, known scientifically as Eurycoma longifolia, exhibits a specific geographical distribution across the Indo-China region. It is natively found within the tropical landscapes of Cambodia and Laos. Furthermore, its natural habitat extends into the territories of Myanmar and Thailand. The species also thrives throughout various parts of Vietnam. Consequently, its presence is well-established across these five distinct Southeast Asian nations.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Indo-China | Cambodia | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Laos | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Myanmar | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Thailand | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Vietnam | WCVP |
| Malesia | Borneo | WCVP |
| Malesia | Malaya | WCVP |
| Malesia | Philippines | WCVP |
| Malesia | Sumatera | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Eurycoma longifolia, commonly known as Tongkat Ali, utilizes various anatomical structures for its biological functions and medicinal properties. The most significant part is the roots, specifically the long, woody root system that is extensively harvested for its bioactive compounds. Above the ground, the plant features upright stems that provide structural support for the foliage. These stems serve as the conduit for nutrients traveling to the broad, green leaves, which are essential for photosynthesis.- Total parts
- 12
- Scientific sources
- 21
| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| roots | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| root | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| stems | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| leaves | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| intact roots | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| hairy-root cultures | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| hairy root | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| bark | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| TA roots | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Eurycoma longifolia has 29 reported phytochemicals identified across 47 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include eurycomanone, 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one, 9-methoxycanthin-6-one, eurycomalactone, eurycomanol.
- Total chemicals
- 29
- Scientific sources
- 47
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| eurycomanone | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| 9-methoxycanthin-6-one | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| eurycomalactone | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| eurycomanol | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| cortisol | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| eurycomalide C | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 11-Dehydroklaineanone | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 14,15beta-dihydroxyklaineanone | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 15beta-O-acetyl-14-hydroxyklaineanone | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Eurycoma longifolia has 20 reported activities identified across 49 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Aphrodisiac, Anticancer, Antimalarial, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant.
- Total activities
- 20
- Scientific sources
- 49
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Aphrodisiac | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| Anticancer | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Antimalarial | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| Antimicrobial | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Cytotoxic | 4 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antibacterial | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antidiabetic | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antifungal | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiproliferative | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Eurycoma longifolia has 64 reported medicinal uses identified across 97 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include fever, malaria, cancer, anxiety, aphrodisiac.
- Total uses
- 64
- Scientific sources
- 97
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| fever | 7 | ★★★★☆ |
| malaria | 6 | ★★★☆☆ |
| cancer | 5 | ★★★☆☆ |
| anxiety | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| aphrodisiac | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| hypertension | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| libido | 3 | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| aches | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| antimalarial | 2 | ★☆☆☆☆ |