spurge

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• spurge
• Spurges

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Cyathophora
• Cubanthus
• Pleuradena
• Stenadenium
• Zygophyllidium
• Xamesike
• Murtekias
• Treisia
• Tumalis
• Lepadena
• Tirucalia
• Tithymalopsis
• Tithymalus
• Kobiosis
• Lacanthis
• Hexadenia
• Euphorbiastrum
• Euphorbion
• Cystidospermum
• Euphorbiodendron
• Dactylanthes
• Ditritra
• Diplocyathium
• Dichylium
• Chylogala
• Dematra
• Characias
• Chamaesyce
• Arthrothamnus
• Alectoroctonum
• Lortia
• Eumecanthus
• Anthacantha
• Aplarina
• Epurga
• Allobia
• Aklema
• Agaloma
• Nisomenes
• Torfasadis
• Monadenium
• Elaeophorbia
• Tithymaloides
• Pythius
• Euphorbium
• Ctenadena
• Tithymalus
• Galarhoeus
• Galorhoeus
• Synadenium
• Poinsettia
• Kanopikon
• Keraselma
• Trichosterigma
• Sclerocyathium
• Sterigmanthe
• Medusea
• Peccana
• Pyretrum
• Esula
• Zalitea
• Lophobios
• Endoisila
• Endadenium
• Adenorima
• Diadenaria

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. It is further classified within the order Malpighiales and the family Euphorbiaceae. Finally, the medicinal plant is identified by its genus, Euphorbia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a specific distribution pattern across the northernmost regions of the European continent. Within Northern Europe, its presence can be identified in the territories of Denmark and Finland. The species also extends to the island nations of Iceland and the Førøya islands. Additionally, its geographical range encompasses the landmass of Great Britain. Together, these locations define the northern limits of its natural habitat.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Plant Parts

Euphorbia has 3 reported plant parts identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, leaf, stem.

Root

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Leaf

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry

Stem

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry

Chemicals

Euphorbia has 21 reported phytochemicals identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, triterpenoids, Cycloartenol, Euphol, Euphorbia factor L3.

Flavonoids

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2. Biomolecules
3. Frontiers in plant science

triterpenoids

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Cycloartenol

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Euphol

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Euphorbia factor L3

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Ingenol 3-angelate

1. Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products

Ingenol mebutate

1. Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products

LYSOZYME

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Lectin

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Lupane

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Activities

Euphorbia has 11 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antiviral.

Antioxidant

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Frontiers in plant science
4. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Cytotoxic

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2. Frontiers in plant science
3. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences
4. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antibacterial

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Frontiers in plant science

Anticancer

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Antiviral

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Antidiabetic

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Antifungal

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Antimicrobial

1. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences

Antiproliferative

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)

Genotoxic

1. Frontiers in plant science

Conditions

Euphorbia has 16 reported investigations on conditions identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include cancer, pregnancy, actinic keratosis, amaurosis, cancers.

Cancer

1. BMC cancer
2. Biomolecules
3. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Pregnancy

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Actinic keratosis

1. Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products

Amaurosis

1. Frontiers in plant science

Cancers

1. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Deafness

1. Frontiers in plant science

Dropsy

1. Frontiers in plant science

Herpes simplex virus type 2

1. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Inflammation

1. Biomolecules

Paralysis

1. Frontiers in plant science

Preparations

Euphorbia has 9 reported preparations identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include honey, latex, crude extracts, essential oil, essential oils.

Honey

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine

Latex

1. Frontiers in plant science
2. Studies in ancient medicine

Crude extracts

1. Current topics in medicinal chemistry

Essential oil

1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

Essential oils

1. Biomolecules

Extracts

1. Biomolecules

Phenolic extracts

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Pure compounds

1. Biomolecules

White sticky latex sap

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)