Euphorbia royleana
Danda thor
Euphorbia royleana, commonly known as the Royle's spurge, is a perennial medicinal plant native to tropical regions. Renowned for its succulent stems and milky latex, it features diverse therapeutic properties. Traditionally used in folk medicine, this species is studied for its potential antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and various bioactive pharmacological activities.
- Scientific name: Euphorbia royleana
- Family: Euphorbiaceae
- Native range: Asia-Temperate
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. It is classified within the order Malpighiales and the family Euphorbiaceae. Finally, it is identified by its specific genus, Euphorbia, and its species name, royaleana.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Malpighiales | WCVP |
| Family | Euphorbiaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Euphorbia | WCVP |
Common Names
This plant, known scientifically as Euphorbia royleana, is referred to by various common names depending on the language and region. In Nepali, it is called काने सिउँडी (ne), while in Chinese, it is widely recognized as 霸王鞭 (zh, zh-hans, zh-cn). Additionally, in the Szy language, it is known as nipaluma-masang (szy).| Language | Common Name | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ne | काने सिउँडी | Wikidata |
| zh | 霸王鞭 | Wikidata |
| szy | nipaluma-masang | Wikidata |
| zh-hans | 霸王鞭 | Wikidata |
| zh-cn | 霸王鞭 | Wikidata |
| en | Danda Thor | Wikidata |
| en | Churee | Wikidata |
| en | Royle's Spurge | Wikidata |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a wide geographical distribution across several key regions of Asia. In China, its presence is noted specifically within the South-Central and Southeast territories. Moving eastward, the species can also be found throughout Taiwan in Eastern Asia. Within the Indian Subcontinent, it inhabits the lush regions of Assam. Additionally, the plant is distributed across the high-altitude areas of the East Himalaya.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| China | China South-Central | WCVP |
| China | China Southeast | WCVP |
| Eastern Asia | Taiwan | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Assam | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | East Himalaya | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | India | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | West Himalaya | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Myanmar | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Euphorbia royleaną, possesses distinct morphological features that are significant for its medicinal properties. Its stems are typically woody and robust, providing a strong structural framework for the plant's growth. A defining characteristic of this species is the presence of a milky, white latex that flows from the stems and leaves when they are injured, a substance often studied for its various pharmacological effects. Additionally, the leaves are prominent, usually being simple, alternate, or spiral in arrangement, serving as the primary site for photosynthesis and contributing to the plant's overall chemical profile.- Total parts
- 3
- Scientific sources
- 3
| Plant Part | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| stems | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| latex | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Leaf | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Euphorbia royleana has 6 reported phytochemicals identified across 6 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 2-hydroxy-3-(6- hydroxy-6-methylhept-1-en-2-yl)benzoic acid, flavonoids, gallic acid, phenols, saponins.
- Total chemicals
- 6
- Scientific sources
- 6
Most Reported Compounds
| Compound | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| 2-hydroxy-3-(6- hydroxy-6-methylhept-1-en-2-yl)benzoic acid | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| flavonoids | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| gallic acid | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| phenols | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| saponins | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| steroids | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Activities
Euphorbia royleana has 4 reported activities identified across 4 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antitumor, Cytotoxic.
- Total activities
- 4
- Scientific sources
- 4
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| Antimicrobial | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antioxidant | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antitumor | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cytotoxic | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Euphorbia royleana has 2 reported medicinal uses identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include breast cancer, inflammation.
- Total uses
- 2
- Scientific sources
- 2
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| breast cancer | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| inflammation | 1 | ★☆☆☆☆ |