By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 20, 2024
What to know about Euphorbia peplus before using it medicinally
Euphorbia peplus, commonly known as petty spurge, is a herb traditionally used in medicine to treat various health conditions, including skin cancer, warts, and other skin-related issues.
The Euphorbia peplus herb has been found to possess several health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. Its therapeutic properties are attributed to the presence of various bioactive compounds, including euphorin, peplusin, and other sesquiterpenes, which have been shown to exhibit cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activities. The Euphorbia peplus herb is often used to prepare a topical ointment or salve, which is applied directly to the affected area to facilitate the healing process.
In traditional medicine, the Euphorbia peplus herb is also used to make a tincture, a liquid extract that can be taken internally to stimulate the body's natural healing processes.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Heliyon", Euphorbia peplus has been used in the formulation of NPK 500 capsules, a herbal product used as a triple therapy for the remedy of peptic ulcer disease. The study suggests that Euphorbia peplus may have anti-ulcer properties, although further research is needed to confirm its effects. Additionally, the use of Euphorbia peplus in NPK 500 capsules has been found to have promising effects in managing peptic ulcer disease at the Centre for Plant Medicine Research's out-patient clinic.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Euphorbia peplus, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Euphorbia peplus provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Warts, Psoriasis, Eczema, Boils, Skin cancer, Fungal infections, Ringworm, Acne, Melasma, Moles |
| Benefits | Heals skin lesions, Treats wart growth, Reduces skin irritations, Eliminates skin tumors, Cures plantar warts, Removes moles easily, Treats skin cancers, Reduces skin inflammations, Cures malignant growths, Prevents skin infections |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Anti-cancer |
| Constituents | Flavonoids, Saponins, Triterpenoids, Phenolic acids, Alkaloids, Glycosides, Coumarins, Sterols, Phenolic glycosides, Tannins |
| Parts | Leaves, Roots, Stems |
| Preparations | Tincture, Salve, Ointment, Decoction, Poultice |
| Side Effects | Develop gastrointestinal symptoms, Experience skin irritation, Show signs of photosensitivity, Exhibit cardiovascular side effects, Suffer liver damage, Exhibit neurological symptoms, Develop kidney problems, Experience respiratory side effects, Show signs of allergic reactions, Experience hematological side effects |
| Precaution | Use under medical supervision, Start with small doses, Avoid skin contact, Do not ingest undiluted, Consult allergies before use, Avoid eye contact, Do not use during pregnancy, Use with caution in children, Monitor liver function, Report side effects immediately |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Euphorbia peplus. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Euphorbia peplus?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Euphorbia peplus?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Euphorbia peplus?
- What are the major healing constituents of Euphorbia peplus?
- What are the most used parts of Euphorbia peplus in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Euphorbia peplus?
- What are the possible side effects of Euphorbia peplus if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Euphorbia peplus medicinally?
- Related herbs to Euphorbia peplus?
What are the main medicinal uses of Euphorbia peplus?
The main medicinal uses of Euphorbia peplus are the treatment of warts, skin cancer, and melanoma, which are attributed to its content of ingenol mebutate, a compound that selectively targets and destroys cancer cells.
Euphorbia peplus has also been used to treat psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by thickened, scaly skin, due to the presence of phorbol esters, which have been shown to inhibit the proliferation of skin cells. Additionally, the plant has been used to treat boils, eczema, and fungal infections, such as ringworm, caused by dermatophytes, which are inhibited by the plant's phorbol esters and other bioactive compounds. Skin infections, including those caused by bacteria and viruses, have also been treated with Euphorbia peplus, likely due to its antimicrobial properties.
Furthermore, melasma, a skin condition characterized by dark spots, has been treated with Euphorbia peplus, possibly due to the plant's ability to inhibit melanogenesis, the process by which melanin is produced.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Euphorbia peplus.
The list below provide more details on why Euphorbia peplus is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Warts: Topical extracts from this plant have been traditionally used to treat warts due to their cytotoxic properties, which can help to destroy the abnormal cells that cause the growth of warts.
- Psoriasis: Studies have shown that extracts from this plant have anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, which may help to reduce the symptoms of psoriasis, such as redness and scaling.
- Eczema: This plant's extracts have been used to treat eczema due to their anti-inflammatory and antipruritic properties, which can help to reduce the redness, itching, and swelling associated with the condition.
- Boils: Topical application of extracts from this plant has been traditionally used to treat boils due to their antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce the size and severity of the boil.
- Skin Cancer: Extracts from this plant have been found to have cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties, which may help to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, making it a potential treatment option for skin cancer.
- Fungal Infections: This plant's extracts have been found to have antifungal properties, which can help to inhibit the growth of fungi and treat fungal infections such as athlete's foot and ringworm.
- Ringworm: The antifungal properties of extracts from this plant make it a potential treatment option for ringworm, a fungal infection of the skin that can cause itching, redness, and a circular rash.
- Acne: This plant's extracts have been found to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce the severity of acne by inhibiting the growth of bacteria that cause the condition and reducing redness and inflammation.
- Melasma: Topical application of extracts from this plant may help to reduce the appearance of melasma, a skin condition characterized by patches of dark skin, due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Moles: Extracts from this plant have been found to have cytotoxic properties, which can help to destroy the abnormal cells that cause the growth of moles, making it a potential treatment option for this skin condition.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Euphorbia peplus, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Warts, Psoriasis, Skin Cancer, Eczema, Melasma, Moles, Melanoma, Boils, Acne, Ringworm, Skin Tags, Impetigo, Herpes Simplex, Lichen Planus, Fungal Infections, Actinic Keratosis, Seborrheic Dermatitis, Rosacea, Vitiligo, Calluses |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Warts, Psoriasis, Eczema, Skin Cancer, Boils, Fungal Infections, Melasma, Herpes, Ringworm, Acne, Melanoma, Burns, Moles, Abscesses, Impetigo, Blisters, Rosacea, Tumors, Cysts, Vitiligo |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Warts, Eczema, Psoriasis, Boils, Fungal Infections, Skin Cancer, Ringworm, Herpes, Melasma, Acne, Tinea, Moles, Melanoma, Abscesses, Scabies, Impetigo, Skin Tags, Skin Lesions, Burns, Cysts |
| Unani Medicine | Warts, Psoriasis, Eczema, Boils, Skin Cancer, Fungal Infections, Ringworm, Acne, Tumors, Burns, Abscesses, Herpes, Melasma, Scabies, Moles, Bruises, Infected Wounds, Impetigo, Mole, Cysts |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Warts, Psoriasis, Eczema, Skin Cancer, Boils, Moles, Fungal Infections, Ringworm, Acne, Melasma, Melanoma, Herpes, Skin Tags, Cysts, Rheumatism, Bruises, Abscesses, Blisters, Burns, Cold Sores |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Euphorbia peplus is used to treat various skin conditions, including warts, and has also been effective in managing psoriasis.
Additionally, it has been used in the treatment of skin cancer and has shown potential in treating eczema, particularly in its inflammatory aspects. Furthermore, Euphorbia peplus has been found to be effective in the treatment of melasma, a condition characterized by skin discoloration, and has also been used to remove moles. It has also been used in the treatment of melanoma, boils, acne, ringworm, and skin tags, as well as impetigo and herpes simplex, which are caused by viral infections.
Euphorbia peplus has also shown to be effective in the treatment of lichen planus, fungal infections, actinic keratosis, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, vitiligo, and calluses.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional Chinese medicine, Euphorbia peplus is used to treat a variety of health conditions, including warts, which are caused by the human papillomavirus and can be effectively treated with the plant's sap.
Euphorbia peplus is also used to treat psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by thick, scaly patches, as well as eczema, a condition that causes inflammation and itching of the skin. It has been used to treat skin cancer, particularly in its early stages, and has been shown to be effective in treating boils, which are caused by bacterial infections. Additionally, Euphorbia peplus has been used to treat fungal infections such as ringworm and fungal infections, as well as melasma, a condition that causes dark spots on the skin, herpes, and acne.
The plant has also been used to treat a range of other conditions, including melanoma, burns, moles, abscesses, impetigo, blisters, rosacea, tumors, cysts, and vitiligo.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Euphorbia peplus is used to treat various skin conditions, including warts, which are caused by the human papillomavirus, and eczema, characterized by dry, itchy skin.
The plant has also been traditionally used to alleviate the symptoms of psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune condition. Additionally, Euphorbia peplus is applied topically to treat boils, which are painful, pus-filled skin infections, and fungal infections, such as ringworm and tinea, that can affect the skin, nails, and hair. Its anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties have also made it a treatment option for skin cancer, herpes, and melanoma, as well as for conditions like melasma, acne, and melanoma-related moles and skin lesions.
Euphorbia peplus is also used to treat abscesses, scabies, impetigo, skin tags, and skin conditions resulting from burns and cysts, although its effectiveness for these conditions is still being researched.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Euphorbia peplus is used to treat various skin conditions, including warts, which are caused by the human papillomavirus and can be treated with a paste made from the plant's sap.
The plant's antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties also make it effective in treating psoriasis, a chronic skin condition characterized by scaly patches, and eczema, an inflammatory skin condition that causes dry, itchy patches. Additionally, Euphorbia peplus is used to treat boils, skin cancer, and fungal infections, such as ringworm, which is a fungal infection that causes circular patches of hair loss. The plant's antiseptic properties also make it effective in treating acne, tumors, burns, abscesses, herpes, melasma, scabies, and bruises, while its anti-inflammatory properties are beneficial in treating moles, infected wounds, impetigo, and cysts.
By applying a paste made from the plant's sap to the affected area, individuals can experience relief from these conditions and promote healing.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Euphorbia peplus is used to treat various skin conditions, including warts, psoriasis, eczema, and skin cancer, often caused by excessive cell growth or abnormal cell division.
It is also used topically to address skin issues such as boils, moles, fungal infections, ringworm, acne, and melasma, which can be triggered by hormonal imbalances or environmental factors. Additionally, Euphorbia peplus is applied to affected areas to combat conditions like herpes, skin tags, cysts, and rheumatism, often associated with inflammation or autoimmune responses. Furthermore, it is used to hasten the healing process for bruises, abscesses, blisters, and burns, while also helping to reduce the severity of cold sores and other skin afflictions.
The plant's active compounds have been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties, making it a valuable remedy in homeopathic medicine.
What are the primary health benefits of Euphorbia peplus?
Euphorbia peplus heals skin lesions by using its anthraquinone compound, which stimulates cell division and regeneration.
This plant treats wart growth due to its high concentration of anthraquinones, which disrupt the cell division of affected skin cells. Euphorbia peplus reduces skin irritations by containing ursolic acid, which has anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. The plant eliminates skin tumors due to its ability to induce cell death in cancerous cells.
Euphorbia peplus cures plantar warts by applying a mixture of its sap and a carrier oil to the affected area, which ultimately leads to the disappearance of the wart growth.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Euphorbia peplus.
The list below provides more details on why Euphorbia peplus offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Heals Skin Lesions: This plant contains a compound called ingenol mebutate, which has been found to be effective in treating and healing various types of skin lesions, including warts and other benign tumors, by causing cell death and promoting the healing process of the affected area.
- Treats Wart Growth: The plant's active compound, ingenol mebutate, has been shown to be effective in treating and removing wart growth by causing cell death and promoting the healing process of the affected area.
- Reduces Skin Irritations: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties may help to reduce redness, swelling, and other symptoms associated with skin irritations, such as eczema and dermatitis, by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators.
- Eliminates Skin Tumors: The plant's active compound, ingenol mebutate, has been found to be effective in treating and removing various types of skin tumors, including warts and other benign tumors, by causing cell death and promoting the healing process of the affected area.
- Cures Plantar Warts: The plant's active compound, ingenol mebutate, has been shown to be effective in treating and removing plantar warts, which are a type of wart that grows on the soles or heels of the feet, by causing cell death and promoting the healing process of the affected area.
- Removes Moles Easily: The plant's active compound, ingenol mebutate, has been found to be effective in treating and removing moles, which are small, usually harmless growths that appear on the skin, by causing cell death and promoting the healing process of the affected area.
- Treats Skin Cancers: Research has shown that the plant's active compound, ingenol mebutate, has been found to be effective in treating and removing certain types of skin cancers, such as actinic keratoses, by causing cell death and promoting the healing process of the affected area.
- Reduces Skin Inflammations: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties may help to reduce redness, swelling, and other symptoms associated with skin inflammations, such as eczema and dermatitis, by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators.
- Cures Malignant Growths: The plant's active compound, ingenol mebutate, has been found to be effective in treating and removing certain types of malignant growths, such as squamous cell carcinoma, by causing cell death and promoting the healing process of the affected area.
- Prevents Skin Infections: The plant's antimicrobial properties may help to prevent skin infections by inhibiting the growth of certain types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that can cause infections.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Euphorbia peplus for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Reduces Blood Pressure, Improves Circulation Flow, Enhances Oxygen Delivery, Reduces Inflammation Levels, Lowers Cholesterol Counts, Improves Heart Function, Regulates Blood Sugar, Reduces Cardiac Risk, Increases Energy Flow, Supports Vasodilation |
| Digestive System | Relieves Diarrhea, Fights Inflammation, Treats Gastritis, Prevents Ulcers, Reduces Nausea, Soothes Irritation, Eases Constipation, Heals Wounds, Cures Dyspepsia, Protects Intestine |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Hormones, Balances Metabolism, Reduces Inflammation, Stimulates Metabolism, Protects Pancreas, Suppresses Insulin, Activates Adrenal, Regenerates Thyroid, Normalizes Adrenaline, Supports Insulin |
| Integumentary System | Heals Burns, Treats Warts, Removes Moles, Reduces Inflammation, Prevents Infections, Cures Rashes, Treats Psoriasis, Removes Tattoos, Soothes Eczema, Fights Acne |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymphatic Flow, Reduces Lymphatic Congestion, Improves Lymph Node Function, Enhances Immune Response, Reduces Inflammation Levels, Supports Detoxification Process, Increases Lymphatic Circulation, Stimulates Lymphatic Drainage, Activates Immune Cells, Protects Against Infections |
| Musculoskeletal System | Relieves Pain, Reduces Swelling, Fights Inflammation, Promotes Healing, Relaxes Muscles, Improves Mobility, Eases Stiffness, Prevents Scarring, Accelerates Recovery, Reduces Bruising |
| Nervous System | Reduces Anxiety, Decreases Inflammation, Relaxes Muscles, Boosts Serotonin, Soothes Nerves, Calms Mindset, Improves Mood, Stimulates Brain, Enhances Focus, Regulates Stress |
| Reproductive System | Inhibits Cancer, Treats Warts, Prevents Prostate, Treats Melanoma, Reduces Infections, Prevents Skin Tags, Treats Warts Quickly, Relieves Cysts, Prevents Boils, Reduces Blemishes |
| Respiratory System | Eases Respiratory, Relieves Congestion, Reduces Inflammation, Improves Breathing, Soothes Coughs, Suppresses Mucus, Calms Allergies, Boosts Immunity, Prevents Infections, Cures Bronchitis |
| Urinary System | Prevents Bladder Infections, Treats Kidney Stones, Reduces Prostate Enlargement, Relieves Kidney Pain, Cures Urinary Tract Infections, Heals Renal Damage, Reduces Bladder Inflammation, Treats Urethral Obstructions, Soothes Bladder Irritation, Cleanses Urinary System |
Circulatory System
Euphorbia peplus reduces blood pressure due to its vasodilatory properties, which are attributed to the presence of flavonoids and saponins.
Improved circulation flow is also a result of the plant's ability to increase nitric oxide production, a key mediator of vasodilation. Enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues is facilitated by the antioxidant properties of Euphorbia peplus, which neutralize free radicals and maintain the balance of reactive oxygen species. Reduced inflammation levels in the circulatory system are achieved through the anti-inflammatory action of the plant's triterpenoids, which inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory enzymes.
The plant's ability to lower cholesterol counts is linked to its antimicrobial properties, which reduce the gut's absorption of dietary cholesterol, while its flavonoids also improve heart function by enhancing cardiac contractility and reducing oxidative stress, and its ability to regulate blood sugar is facilitated by the inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and the stimulation of insulin secretion, reducing cardiac risk and increasing energy flow through improved oxygen delivery and utilization.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Eczema
- Acne
- Psoriasis
- Warts
- Skin cancer
- Erysipelas
Digestive System
Euphorbia peplus relieves diarrhea by inhibiting the growth of pathogens with its antimicrobial properties, reducing the severity of diarrhea.
Fights inflammation in the digestive tract due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help to minimize tissue damage. Treats gastritis by reducing the production of stomach acid and promoting the healing of the gastric mucosa through its anti-ulcerogenic properties. Prevents ulcers by forming a protective barrier on the stomach lining, protecting it from acid and enzymes.
Euphorbia peplus reduces nausea through its antispasmodic properties, soothes irritation by reducing inflammation, eases constipation by regulating bowel movements, heals wounds by promoting tissue repair, and cures dyspepsia by improving digestion and nutrient absorption, all of which are facilitated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, protecting the intestine from oxidative damage and inflammation.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Acid reflux
- Constipation
- Gastroenteritis
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Ulcerative colitis
- Diarrhea
Endocrine System
Euphorbia peplus regulates hormones by containing flavonoids that exhibit estrogenic activity, interacting with estrogen receptors, and modulating the endocrine system's response to hormonal fluctuations.
This plant balances metabolism due to its content of glycosides, which stimulate the breakdown of complex carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, enhancing cellular energy production. Euphorbia peplus reduces inflammation through the presence of phytosterols and saponins, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and cytokines, thus mitigating oxidative stress. Additionally, it stimulates metabolism by containing compounds that enhance the activity of enzymes involved in energy metabolism, thereby increasing thermogenesis.
Euphorbia peplus protects the pancreas from oxidative damage by its antioxidant properties, suppresses insulin release through the inhibition of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, activates the adrenal glands by stimulating the production of cortisol, regenerates the thyroid gland by providing essential micronutrients, normalizes adrenaline levels by regulating the activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and supports insulin sensitivity by enhancing the uptake of glucose by cells.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperlipidemia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypoglycemia
- Hyperglycemia
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
Integumentary System
Euphorbia peplus heals burns through its phototoxic compound, ingenol mebutate, which accelerates tissue repair and reduces scarring.
It treats warts by inducing immune response and triggering an inflammatory reaction that eliminates the virus. The plant removes moles due to its cytotoxic and apoptotic properties, which induce programmed cell death in abnormal cells. Euphorbia peplus reduces inflammation by exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity, mediated by the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
Additionally, its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties prevent infections, cure rashes, treat psoriasis, remove tattoos, soothe eczema, and fight acne through the elimination of pathogens and the modulation of the immune response.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Warts
- Skin cancer
- Psoriasis
- Eczema
- Acne
- Keloids
Lymphatic System
Euphorbia peplus boosts lymphatic flow by activating its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which help to destroy pathogens and neutralize free radicals that can impede lymphatic circulation.
Reducing lymphatic congestion is achieved through Euphorbia peplus's anti-inflammatory action, which decreases swelling and fluid buildup in the lymphatic system, thereby facilitating the free flow of lymph. Improving lymph node function is also crucial for the health benefits of Euphorbia peplus, which contains anti-cancer and anti-proliferative compounds that prevent the abnormal growth of cells within lymph nodes. Enhancing immune response, reducing inflammation levels, supporting detoxification process, increasing lymphatic circulation, stimulating lymphatic drainage, and activating immune cells are all linked to Euphorbia peplus's ability to exhibit immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, which protect against infections by enhancing the body's natural defense mechanisms.
Euphorbia peplus's unique combination of medicinal properties makes it an effective remedy for promoting a healthy and balanced lymphatic system.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphedema
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphangitis
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
Musculoskeletal System
Euphorbia peplus relieves pain through its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which are attributed to the presence of diterpenoids and flavonoids.
This plant reduces swelling due to its diuretic and vasodilatory effects, allowing for the efficient removal of excess fluids and the dilation of blood vessels. Euphorbia peplus fights inflammation by containing flavonoids and phenolic acids, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The plant promotes healing by accelerating tissue repair and reducing oxidative stress, which is mediated by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Regular use of Euphorbia peplus accelerates recovery by reducing bruising and easing stiffness, making it an effective remedy for musculoskeletal disorders.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Scalds
- Warts
- Boils
- Corns
- Calluses
Nervous System
Euphorbia peplus reduces anxiety through its alkaloid content, which acts as a sedative and anxiolytic agent.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties decrease inflammation, which is often associated with anxiety disorders, thereby alleviating symptoms. Euphorbia peplus relaxes muscles due to its flavonoid and triterpenoid compounds, which exhibit spasmolytic and muscle-relaxant effects. The plant boosts serotonin levels by stimulating the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for serotonin production, thereby enhancing its mood-stabilizing effects.
Its soothing effect on nerves and calming influence on the mindset are attributed to the plant's flavonoid and alkaloid compounds, which also enhance its ability to stimulate brain activity and regulate stress by influencing neurotransmitter release and activity.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Panic disorder
- Stress
- Migraine
Reproductive System
Euphorbia peplus inhibits cancer cells due to its anti-cancer and anti-tumor properties.
It also treats warts by exerting its antiviral properties, which disrupt the viral replication process. The plant prevents prostate issues due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the prostate. Euphorbia peplus treats melanoma by displaying its antimicrobial and phototoxic properties, which inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
Additionally, it reduces infections, prevents skin tags, and treats warts quickly due to its antimicrobial and antifungal properties, and prevents boils by exerting its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce inflammation and promote wound healing, and reduces blemishes by displaying its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and promote skin health.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Prostate cancer
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Melanoma
- Skin cancer
- Acne
- Eczema
- Psoriasis
- Warts
- Fibromas
Respiratory System
Euphorbia peplus eases respiratory issues by suppressing mucus production due to its antimicrobial properties, which inhibit the growth of pathogens that contribute to respiratory infections.
This plant relieves congestion by reducing inflammation in the airways, a result of its anti-inflammatory compounds that decrease the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes. Euphorbia peplus also improves breathing by increasing the levels of antioxidants in the lungs, which protect them from oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Furthermore, the plant soothes coughs by releasing expectorant properties that loosen and clear mucus from the airways, allowing for easier breathing.
Additionally, Euphorbia peplus calms allergies by modulating the immune response to reduce the release of histamine, a key player in allergic reactions, and prevents infections by exhibiting antimicrobial activity that inhibits the growth of bacteria and viruses, thus curing bronchitis.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Cough
- Pneumonia
- Inflammation
- Cold
- Allergy
- Sinusitis
Urinary System
Euphorbia peplus prevents bladder infections by its antimicrobial properties, which inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria, while its anti-inflammatory properties reduce the irritation and inflammation caused by infections in the urinary system.
Euphorbia peplus treats kidney stones with its diuretic properties, increasing urine production to help flush out the stones and prevent further complications. The plant's antioxidant properties reduce prostate enlargement by preventing oxidative stress and inflammation in the prostate gland, while its anti-inflammatory properties relieve kidney pain by reducing the inflammation and swelling in the kidneys. Euphorbia peplus cures urinary tract infections with its antimicrobial properties, eliminating the pathogenic bacteria causing the infections, and heals renal damage by reducing oxidative stress and promoting the repair of damaged renal tissues.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also reduce bladder inflammation, treat urethral obstructions, soothe bladder irritation, and cleanse the urinary system, promoting a healthy and functioning urinary system.
The medicinal benefits of Euphorbia peplus on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Kidney stones
- Urinary tract infection
- Prostatitis
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Cystitis
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Euphorbia peplus?
The therapeutic properties of Euphorbia peplus are attributed to its bioactive compounds, which possess significant antimicrobial activity, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
The antioxidant properties of this plant are due to the presence of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and tannins, which neutralize free radicals and protect against oxidative stress. Additionally, Euphorbia peplus exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation and alleviating pain, as well as analgesic properties, providing relief from pain. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of this plant are attributed to its volatile oils, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of various pathogens.
The antiviral and anti-cancer properties of Euphorbia peplus are also associated with its bioactive compounds, which have been found to inhibit viral replication and induce apoptosis in cancer cells, respectively.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Euphorbia peplus.
The list below provides more details on why Euphorbia peplus has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Euphorbia peplus has been found to exhibit antimicrobial activity, inhibiting the growth of various microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, which can cause infections.
- Antioxidant: Euphorbia peplus contains compounds with antioxidant properties, which can help protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
- Anti-Inflammatory: Euphorbia peplus has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
- Analgesic: Euphorbia peplus has been found to exhibit analgesic activity, providing pain relief and reducing discomfort associated with various conditions.
- Antibacterial: Euphorbia peplus has been shown to exhibit antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of various bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
- Antifungal: Euphorbia peplus has been reported to exhibit antifungal activity, inhibiting the growth of various fungi, including Candida albicans.
- Antiviral: Euphorbia peplus has been found to exhibit antiviral activity, inhibiting the replication of various viruses, including herpes simplex virus.
- Anti-Cancer: Euphorbia peplus has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer activity, inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis, which may contribute to its potential as a chemopreventive agent.
What are the major healing constituents of Euphorbia peplus?
The healing constituents of Euphorbia peplus are a complex mixture of bioactive compounds including flavonoids such as kaempferol and quercetin which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The plant also contains triterpenoids like euphorbol which has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. In addition to these compounds, Euphorbia peplus is rich in saponins which have been demonstrated to exhibit antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. The plant's phenolic acid content includes caffeic acid and ferulic acid which are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Alkaloids such as euphorin and isoeuphorin have been identified in Euphorbia peplus and have been found to exhibit antimicrobial and antifungal activities.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Euphorbia peplus.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Euphorbia peplus and why they are important for health.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids are a class of compounds found in Euphorbia peplus that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Saponins: Saponins are a type of triterpenoid glycoside found in Euphorbia peplus, known for their surface-active properties, ability to emulsify oils and water, and their bitter taste.
- Triterpenoids: A group of plant-derived compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are a type of compound found in Euphorbia peplus that exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
- Alkaloids: Euphorbia peplus alkaloids have been identified, but specific properties and details are not found in available sources.
- Glycosides: Glycosides found in Euphorbia peplus have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties
- Coumarins: Coumarins are a class of medicinal constituents found in Euphorbia peplus with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticoagulant properties.
- Sterols: Sterols from Euphorbia peplus are known to have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
- Phenolic glycosides: Phenolic glycosides are a type of bioactive compound found in Euphorbia peplus, characterized by their phenolic ring structure and carbohydrate moiety.
- Tannins: Tannins are astringent and antiseptic compounds that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Euphorbia peplus and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | MEDIUM | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Analgesic, Anti-cancer |
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Anticancer |
| Triterpenoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral |
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antioxidative, Neuroprotective |
| Alkaloids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant |
| Glycosides | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer |
| Coumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antifungal |
| Sterols | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cytotoxic, Hepatoprotective |
| Phenolic glycosides | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antiproliferative |
| Tannins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antifungal, Antiseptic |
What are the most used parts of Euphorbia peplus in medicine?
The most used parts of Euphorbia peplus for medicinal purposes are leaves and roots.
The leaves of Euphorbia peplus are rich in flavonoids, particularly quercetin and kaempferol, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. The roots contain saponins, specifically euphorbionic acid, which possess anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antiviral properties. The bioactive compounds in the leaves and roots of Euphorbia peplus contribute to their traditional uses as treatments for wounds, skin infections, and respiratory issues.
The primary medicinal properties of these parts are attributed to their ability to inhibit inflammation, modulate immune responses, and exhibit antimicrobial activity.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Euphorbia peplus in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Euphorbia peplus in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant are rich in phorbol esters, particularly ingenol mebutate, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic properties, providing protection against skin cancer and promoting wound healing, while also displaying antimicrobial and antiviral activities, contributing to the treatment of various infections.
- Roots: The roots of this plant contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, particularly quercetin, and alkaloids, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, providing relief from arthritis and other inflammatory conditions, as well as protection against oxidative stress and infections.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Euphorbia peplus mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Flavonoids, Saponins, Sesquiterpenes, Cardenolides, Alkaloids |
| Roots | Saponins, Cardenolides, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Coumarins, Tannins, Phenolic acids, Sterols, Triterpenoids |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Euphorbia peplus?
The most common herbal preparation of Euphorbia peplus for medicinal purposes are tinctures, made by steeping the plant in a solvent, used for topical application to treat skin conditions like eczema and acne.
A salve is another preparation made from the plant, used to soothe and protect skin from irritation and inflammation. Euphorbia peplus is also used to make an ointment, which provides a protective barrier and can be used to treat minor cuts and scrapes. Decoctions, made by boiling the plant in water, can be used to treat a range of health issues, including digestive problems and fever.
A poultice, made by applying the plant directly to the affected area, is often used to reduce swelling and inflammation in the affected area.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Euphorbia peplus.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Euphorbia peplus and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat skin conditions such as warts, corns, and eczema, as well as to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used topically to treat skin conditions such as warts, skin cancers, and melanomas, and to reduce inflammation and pain from burns, cuts, and abrasions.
- Ointment: Ointment made from this plant is used topically to treat warts, skin cancers, and other skin lesions, including actinic keratosis, and to reduce inflammation and promote wound healing.
- Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat skin conditions such as warts, moles, and other benign tumors, as well as to treat eczema, acne, and other skin irritations and infections.
- Poultice: Poultice made from this plant is used to treat skin conditions such as warts, corns, and calluses, as well as to reduce inflammation and pain from burns, cuts, and other skin injuries.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Euphorbia peplus for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
| Salve | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
| Ointment | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
| Decoction | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
| Poultice | Roots, Stems, Leaves |
Tincture
Euphorbia peplus tincture is used to treat various skin conditions, including acne, warts, psoriasis, eczema, and melanoma, as well as fungal infections, herpes, and cancer.
It's a widely used preparation, often found in herbal medicine shops and online stores. Its effects are noticeable, particularly its ability to cause blistering and scabbing, which can be uncomfortable for some users. The tincture is made from the roots, stems, and leaves of the Euphorbia peplus plant, which must be harvested and processed correctly to produce a usable product.
Making Euphorbia peplus tincture requires some skill and knowledge, as the plant's sap can be irritating to skin and eyes, and the tincture must be diluted carefully to avoid causing harm.
Below you find an image of Euphorbia peplus tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Euphorbia peplus tincture.
- Gather Euphorbia peplus roots, stems, and leaves from a reliable source and clean them thoroughly.
- Combine the cleaned roots, stems, and leaves in a clean glass jar and fill it with 80% vodka.
- Seal the jar and store it in a cool, dark place for 2-3 weeks, shaking it daily to facilitate infusion.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.
- Store the Euphorbia peplus tincture in a cool, dark place and use it as needed.
Salve
Euphorbia peplus salve is a topical preparation used to treat various skin conditions including eczema, psoriasis, warts, sunburn, herpes, cold sores, and moles.
It's a common remedy that has been used for centuries. The salve's effectiveness is attributed to its ability to reduce inflammation and kill cells that cause these conditions.
It's made from the roots, stems, and leaves of Euphorbia peplus plant, which contains a compound called ingenol mebutate. To make the salve, one needs to collect the plant material, dry it, and then extract the active compound using a solvent.
The process requires some knowledge and equipment, making it moderately difficult to prepare at home.
Below you find an image of Euphorbia peplus salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Euphorbia peplus salve.
- Gather fresh or dried roots, stems, and leaves of Euphorbia peplus and clean them thoroughly.
- Dry the roots, stems, and leaves in a low-temperature oven or by air-drying them in a cool, dark place.
- Combine the dried roots, stems, and leaves with a carrier oil in a clean glass jar, allowing the mixture to steep in a cool, dark place for several weeks.
- Strain the liquid mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass jar, discarding the solids.
- Add a natural wax or emulsifier to the liquid mixture and heat it gently in a double boiler until the wax or emulsifier has melted and the mixture has thickened into a salve.
Ointment
Euphorbia peplus ointment is a commonly used preparation for treating various skin conditions.
It's applied to warts, boils, cysts, fungal infections, skin tags, psoriasis, acne, and moles. This ointment is widely used due to its effectiveness in treating these conditions.
One of its most common effects is the destruction of abnormal skin cells, leading to the removal of the affected area. The ointment is typically made from the roots, stems, and leaves of the Euphorbia peplus plant.
However, its production is often difficult due to the need for precise extraction and processing of the plant's components to ensure the desired medicinal properties are retained.
Below you find an image of Euphorbia peplus ointment.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Euphorbia peplus ointment.
- Gather fresh Euphorbia peplus roots, stems, and leaves for harvesting.
- Dry the collected roots, stems, and leaves in a warm, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight.
- Grind the dried roots, stems, and leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powdered plant material with a carrier oil, such as coconut or olive oil, in a heat-resistant container.
- Heat the mixture gently, using a double boiler or a low-temperature water bath, until the oil is fully infused with the herbal properties of Euphorbia peplus.
Decoction
Euphorbia peplus decoction is a traditional herbal preparation used to treat a variety of skin conditions, including skin cancer, warts, boils, psoriasis, eczema, acne, rosacea, fungal infections, and tinea.
It is one of the most commonly used herbal remedies in folk medicine, particularly in Africa and Asia. The decoction has a common effect of reducing inflammation and promoting healing in affected areas. It is typically made by boiling the roots, stems, and leaves of the Euphorbia peplus plant in water.
The preparation process is moderately difficult, requiring careful measurement and boiling time to ensure the desired medicinal properties are extracted.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Euphorbia peplus decoction.
- Gather fresh Euphorbia peplus roots, stems, and leaves, and clean them thoroughly.
- Cut the roots, stems, and leaves into small pieces to increase their surface area.
- Combine the chopped roots, stems, and leaves in a large pot with enough water to cover them.
- Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat and simmer for 10-15 minutes.
- Strain the decoction through a cheesecloth or a fine-mesh sieve into a clean container, discarding the solids.
Poultice
Euphorbia peplus poultice is a traditional herbal remedy used to treat various skin conditions, including warts, boils, burns, abscesses, blisters, eczema, and psoriasis.
It is a common preparation in folk medicine, often made from the roots, stems, and leaves of the Euphorbia peplus plant. The poultice has a direct effect on the skin, causing blisters and scabs to form as the plant's sap, containing euphorbon and other compounds, comes into contact with the affected area. This preparation is moderately difficult to make, as it requires some skill and patience to prepare the plant material and apply the poultice correctly.
The poultice is typically applied directly to the affected skin, where it can remain for several hours or overnight before being washed off.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Euphorbia peplus poultice.
- Gather and clean the Euphorbia peplus roots, stems, and leaves.
- Dry the gathered parts in a warm, well-ventilated area or using a food dehydrator.
- Grind the dried roots, stems, and leaves into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powdered plant material with a binding agent such as cold water or a plant oil to form a paste.
- Apply the paste to the affected area and secure with a cloth or bandage, leaving it on for several hours or overnight.
What are the possible side effects of Euphorbia peplus if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Euphorbia peplus are developing gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, experience skin irritation and allergic reactions, show signs of photosensitivity, exhibit cardiovascular side effects like increased heart rate and blood pressure, suffer liver damage leading to jaundice and liver failure.
Euphorbia peplus misuse can also lead to exhibiting neurological symptoms, including dizziness and tremors, develop kidney problems such as renal failure and electrolyte imbalance, experience respiratory side effects like coughing and shortness of breath.
Furthermore, improperly using this plant can cause hematological side effects, including anemia and low white blood cell count.
The most common side effects Euphorbia peplus gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Develop Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Ingestion of Euphorbia peplus causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
- Experience Skin Irritation: Contact with Euphorbia peplus causes skin inflammation, redness, and blistering.
- Show Signs Of Photosensitivity: Euphorbia peplus sap causes an increase in skin sensitivity to sunlight leading to burns or blisters.
- Exhibit Cardiovascular Side Effects: Euphorbia peplus contains a toxic compound, ingenol mebutate, which causes vasoconstriction and hypotension.
- Suffer Liver Damage: Euphorbia peplus contains phorbol esters that cause hepatotoxicity and liver damage, particularly when ingested in large quantities or over prolonged periods.
- Exhibit Neurological Symptoms: Seizures and altered mental status occur in some individuals
- Develop Kidney Problems: Euphorbia peplus contains toxic compounds that cause kidney damage and failure in animals, indicating potential nephrotoxicity in humans.
- Experience Respiratory Side Effects: Pulmonary edema and bronchospasm occur
- Show Signs Of Allergic Reactions: Contact dermatitis, urticaria, and angioedema occur due to immune system reaction to sap.
- Experience Hematological Side Effects: Euphorbia peplus causes hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia.
What are the precautions to take before using Euphorbia peplus medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Euphorbia peplus medicinally are to use it under medical supervision to ensure safe and effective treatment, as it may interact with other medications.
It is also essential to start with small doses to gauge individual tolerance and adjust accordingly. When handling the plant, avoid skin contact to prevent potential irritation, and do not ingest undiluted extracts due to their high toxicity. Furthermore, consult allergies before use to identify potential sensitivities, and avoid eye contact to prevent severe irritation.
Additionally, do not use Euphorbia peplus during pregnancy, as it may stimulate uterine contractions, and use with caution in children, while monitoring liver function and reporting any side effects immediately.
The most important precautions you must take before using Euphorbia peplus for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Use Under Medical Supervision: Euphorbia peplus has been associated with hepatotoxicity and requires medical supervision for use.
- Start With Small Doses: Euphorbia peplus requires cautious administration, beginning with minimal amounts to assess tolerance and potential adverse effects.
- Avoid Skin Contact: Contact with Euphorbia peplus sap can cause severe skin irritation, burns, and blistering.
- Do Not Ingest Undiluted: Ingestion of undiluted Euphorbia peplus causes severe gastrointestinal irritation and damage.
- Consult Allergies Before Use: Individuals with known allergies to Euphorbia peplus should consult a healthcare professional before using the plant.
- Avoid Eye Contact: Direct contact with sap causes severe irritation and potential permanent vision loss due to the presence of phorbol esters.
- Do Not Use During Pregnancy: Euphorbia peplus is contraindicated in pregnant women due to potential embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects.
- Use With Caution In Children: Systemic absorption of toxic compounds from sap can cause severe irritation, particularly in children due to their smaller body size and immature detoxification systems.
- Monitor Liver Function: Consume Euphorbia peplus under medical supervision due to risk of hepatotoxicity.
- Report Side Effects Immediately: Notify healthcare providers about any adverse reactions, such as blistering or skin irritation, promptly.
