What to know about Euphorbia pekinensis (chinese milkweed) before using it medicinally

Euphorbia pekinensis, commonly known as Chinese milkweed, is a herbaceous plant that has been used for centuries in traditional medicine to alleviate a range of health issues, including fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions.

From a horticultural perspective, Euphorbia pekinensis is a hardy perennial that thrives in well-drained soil and full sun, making it a popular choice for gardens and landscapes. Botanically, this plant belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is characterized by its milky latex sap, distinctive leaf morphology, and showy flowers.

Historical records indicate that Euphorbia pekinensis was first mentioned in Chinese medical texts during the Ming dynasty, and has since been used in traditional medicine across Asia.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Euphorbia pekinensis.

What are the medicinal properties of Euphorbia pekinensis?

Euphorbia pekinensis, also known as Chinese milkweed, helps with pain relief, inflammation, and skin issues, such as eczema and acne, due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It is also used to treat fever, cough, and respiratory problems. Traditional Chinese medicine utilizes it for its warming properties. Its leaves and roots are commonly used for medicinal purposes.

The active constituents of Euphorbia pekinensis include euphorbol, fatty acids, and flavonoids, which contribute to its medicinal properties. These compounds have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Euphorbol, in particular, has been found to have analgesic and antipyretic effects.

The leaves and roots of Euphorbia pekinensis are primarily used for medicinal purposes. The leaves are used to treat skin conditions and respiratory issues, while the roots are used for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The plant's sap is also used to treat various health issues.

Improper use of Euphorbia pekinensis can lead to side effects such as skin irritation, allergic reactions, and gastrointestinal issues. High doses can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It can also interact with other medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications.

Precautions when using Euphorbia pekinensis medicinally include consulting a healthcare professional before use, especially for individuals with allergies or sensitivities. It should be used in moderation and under the guidance of a trained practitioner. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should also exercise caution when using this plant.

What are the horticulural aspects of Euphorbia pekinensis?

Euphorbia pekinensis, also known as Chinese milkweed, grow best in full sun to partial shade with well-drained soil, pH 6.0-7.0, and temperatures between 15°C-30°C. It thrives in dry to moist conditions, tolerating drought but performing best with regular watering. It can grow up to 1-2 meters tall.

Chinese milkweed can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings, but seed germination is slow and unpredictable. Planting seeds in containers indoors 1-2 months before the last frost date allows for earlier transplantation. When planting, water thoroughly and maintain high humidity until establishment.

Harvest Chinese milkweed seeds when pods turn brown, around 6-8 months after sowing. Cut the stems, tie them in small bunches, and hang upside down in a warm, dry, dark place for 1-2 weeks. Remove seeds from pods, and store them in an airtight container for up to 5 years.

Pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites can affect Chinese milkweed. Common diseases include powdery mildew, root rot, and leaf spot caused by fungi. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation or infection and treat promptly to prevent spread.

What are the botanical aspects of Euphorbia pekinensis?

Euphorbia pekinensis, also known as Chinese milkweed, is a perennial herbaceous plant. It has a stout stem, 30-100 cm tall, with a diameter of 1-3 cm, and a few branches. The leaves are ovate, alternate, and 7-12 cm long, with a wavy margin.

The taxonomical classification of Euphorbia pekinensis places it in the family Euphorbiaceae. It belongs to the genus Euphorbia, and is further divided into the subgenus Euphorbia sect. Euphorbia. The species is closely related to Euphorbia esula and Euphorbia paralias.

Euphorbia pekinensis has several variants, including E. p. var. tatarinowii, which has larger leaves and a more branched stem. Another variant, E. p. var. pekinensis, has smaller leaves and a more upright stem. These variants are found in different regions of China.

Euphorbia pekinensis is native to China, and has also been naturalized in parts of Japan, Korea, and Russia. It grows in a variety of habitats, including mountains, hills, and valleys. The plant is commonly found in areas with well-drained soils and full sun.

The life cycle of Euphorbia pekinensis begins with germination in spring, followed by vegetative growth and flowering in summer. The plant produces small, greenish-yellow flowers in June and July, which are followed by seed production in August and September. The seeds are dispersed in autumn, and the plant dies back in winter.

What are the historical aspects of Euphorbia pekinensis?

Euphorbia pekinensis, also known as Chinese milkweed, is a plant with a long history of medicinal use in traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. In Chinese pharmacopeia, it is known as "Shui Fei Zi".

In Chinese mythology, the plant is associated with the legendary creature, the Qilin, a benevolent, auspicious being said to appear in times of peace. The Qilin is often depicted with a flower or leaves from the Euphorbia pekinensis.

In traditional Chinese culture, the Euphorbia pekinensis is associated with the symbolism of protection, purification, and healing. Its milky sap is said to have purifying properties, and its leaves are used in rituals to ward off evil spirits. In some regions, it is also associated with the element of fire.

The Euphorbia pekinensis is mentioned in several historical texts, including the Shennong Bencaojing, a 2000-year-old Chinese medical text. It is also mentioned in the Bencao Gangmu, a 16th-century Chinese pharmacopeia.

In addition to its mention in historical texts, the Euphorbia pekinensis is depicted in several ancient artifacts, including Ming dynasty ceramics and porcelain. Its image is also found in traditional Chinese art, such as woodblock prints and silk paintings.