Leafy Milk Hedge

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Euphorbia nivulia var. helicothele
• Euphorbia helicothele

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. As a member of the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Malpighiales, it falls under the family Euphorbiaceae. Finally, it is categorized under the genus Euphorbia.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is widely distributed across several regions within the Indian Subcontinent. It can be found growing in the diverse landscapes of India and its neighboring country, Bangladesh. The species also has a significant presence in the state of Assam. Furthermore, its geographical range extends into Pakistan to the west. Finally, the plant is also documented as being native to the island of Sri Lanka.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Euphorbia nivulia is characterized by its long-term survival strategy as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist in its habitat through multiple growing seasons. In terms of its structural growth habit, the species is classified as a phanerophyte, specifically exhibiting characteristics consistent with both phanerophyte and nanophanerophyte life forms, meaning its perennating buds are elevated above the ground level. This growth strategy enables the plant to maintain a stable presence within its ecosystem, utilizing its perennial nature to endure varying environmental conditions over time.

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Euphorbia nivulia is characterized by a woody growth form, typically manifesting as a shrub. It functions as an independent organism, maintaining a non-parasitic life cycle, and is classified as a terrestrial plant rather than an epiphyte. In terms of its structural habit, it is a self-supporting species that does not rely on other structures for climbing, maintaining its upright stature through its woody development.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

shrub

Parasite :

independent

Woodiness :

woody

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Euphorbia nivulia has 10 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, Flavonoid, Gallic acid, Glycosides, Tannins.

Flavonoids

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
2. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

Flavonoid

1. Life (Basel, Switzerland)

Gallic acid

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

Glycosides

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Tannins

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

benzoic acid

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

ferulic acid

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

polyphenols

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

quercetin

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

triterpenoids

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Activities

Euphorbia nivulia has 6 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Analgesic, Antibacterial, Anticonvulsant, Antifungal, Antioxidant.

Analgesic

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Antibacterial

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Anticonvulsant

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Antifungal

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Antioxidant

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

Antiseptic

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Conditions

Euphorbia nivulia has 8 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include asthma, blood glucose, boils, cough, epilepsy.

Asthma

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Blood glucose

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

Boils

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Cough

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Epilepsy

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Fever

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Inflammation

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Wounds

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Preparations

Euphorbia nivulia has 11 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include aqueous fraction, chloroform fraction, (70% aqueous-ethanolic) Euphorbia nivulia crude extract, 70% hydroalcoholic extract, aqueous ethanolic extracts.

Aqueous fraction

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
2. Life (Basel, Switzerland)

Chloroform fraction

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
2. Life (Basel, Switzerland)

(70% aqueous-ethanolic) euphorbia nivulia crude extract

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

70% hydroalcoholic extract

1. Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society

Aqueous ethanolic extracts

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Butanol fraction

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Ethanolic extracts

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Hexane fraction

1. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences

Hydro-alcoholic crude extract

1. Life (Basel, Switzerland)

N-butanol fraction

1. Life (Basel, Switzerland)