Euphorbia hylonoma

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Galarhoeus pallasii f. pilosus
• Euphorbia fischeriana var. pilosa
• Euphorbia fischeriana f. pilosa
• Euphorbia pallasii f. pilosa
• Tithymalus komaroviana

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it falls under the order Malpighiales and the family Euphorbiaceae. Ultimately, it is identified by its genus, Euphorbia, specifically as the species Euphorbia hylonoma.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a wide geographical range across the diverse landscapes of China. It can be found growing within the regions of China South-Central. Additionally, its presence extends into the areas of China North-Central. The distribution also encompasses the various terrains located in China Southeast. Consequently, this species is widely scattered throughout these three distinct parts of the country.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Euphorbia hylonoma is characterized by its distribution across diverse montane landscapes, primarily thriving within forest and mountain habitats. This species exhibits a significant vertical distribution, occupying an elevational range that begins at a minimum of 200 m AMSL and extends to a maximum altitude of 3000 m AMSL. Across its varied topographic range, the plant maintains an average elevational position of approximately 1600 m AMSL, reflecting its ability to adapt to the specific climatic and environmental conditions found within these forested mountain ecosystems.

Elevational range max:

3000 m AMSL

Elevational range mean:

1600 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

200 m AMSL

Habitat :

forest, mountains

Life history

The life history of Euphorbia hylonoma is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. In terms of its structural life form, it is classified as a hemicryptophyte, meaning its perennial buds are located at or just below the soil surface, protected by leaf litter or the ground layer. This specific growth habit as a hemicryptophyte ensures its survival and ability to regenerate following seasonal changes or environmental stressors.

Life form :

hemicryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Euphorbia hylonoma is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb. The plant typically reaches a height ranging from a minimum of 0.08 m to a maximum of 0.5 m. It functions as a self-supporting plant, exhibiting no climbing tendencies, and grows as an independent organism without parasitic behavior. Furthermore, it is a terrestrial species rather than an epiphyte.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

0.5 m

Plant height min:

0.08 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Euphorbia hylonoma is characterized by specific morphological dimensions of its foliage that reflect its adaptive growth patterns. The leaves exhibit a notable range in size, with a mean leaf length of 7 cm, though they can fluctuate from a minimum of 4 cm to a maximum of 10 cm. In terms of lateral expansion, the leaf width varies between a minimum of 1 cm and a maximum of 2 cm, maintaining a mean width of approximately 1.5 cm. These structural variations in leaf length and width suggest a physiological plasticity that allows the plant to optimize surface area for light interception and gas exchange within its specific environmental niche.

Leaf length max:

10 cm

Leaf length mean:

7 cm

Leaf length min:

4 cm

Leaf width max:

2 cm

Leaf width mean:

1.5 cm

Leaf width min:

1 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Euphorbia hygonoma is characterized by a specific flowering period and the development of small, uniform fruit. The plant typically begins its flowering cycle in May and concludes its blooming period within the same month, though the timing can be variable. Following pollination, the plant produces fruit that is notably consistent in its dimensions. The fruit exhibits a mean length of 0.375 cm, with individual fruit lengths ranging from a minimum of 0.35 cm to a maximum of 0.4 cm. In terms of width, the fruit is remarkably uniform, maintaining a consistent measurement with a minimum, mean, and maximum width of 0.4 cm.

Flowering time :

May

Fruit length max:

0.4 cm

Fruit length mean:

0.375 cm

Fruit length min:

0.35 cm

Fruit width max:

0.4 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Euphorbia hylonoma has 1 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials
2. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Chemicals

Euphorbia hylonoma has 8 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Acalyphol, BETA-SITOSTEROL, Daucosterol, Euphol, Gallic acid.

Acalyphol

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

BETA-SITOSTEROL

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Daucosterol

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Euphol

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Gallic acid

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

NONANE

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Tannins

1. Zhong yao cai = Zhongyaocai = Journal of Chinese medicinal materials

bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

1. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica

Preparations