What to know about Euphorbia candelabrum (candelabra tree) before using it medicinally

Euphorbia candelabrum, commonly known as candelabra tree, is a herb that boasts numerous health benefits, from reducing inflammation and improving circulation to providing antioxidant properties that protect against cell damage.

This drought-tolerant herb thrives in well-drained soil and full sun, making it an ideal addition to xeriscaped gardens and indoor containers. Botanically, Euphorbia candelabrum belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is characterized by its striking, branching stem that can grow up to 6 feet tall.

Historical records reveal that this plant has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, with mentions of its use dating back to ancient Egypt and the Mediterranean region.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Euphorbia candelabrum.

What are the medicinal properties of Euphorbia candelabrum?

Euphorbia candelabrum helps with treating various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions, due to its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antipyretic properties.

The active constituents of Euphorbia candelabrum include flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, which are responsible for its medicinal properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, thereby providing relief from various health issues.

The parts of the plant most used for medicinal purposes are the latex, leaves, and roots, which are rich in bioactive compounds, including triterpenoids, phenolic acids, and glycosides, contributing to its medicinal value and therapeutic applications.

Improper use of Euphorbia candelabrum can lead to adverse effects, such as dermatitis, skin irritation, and allergic reactions, particularly when its latex is ingested or used excessively, highlighting the need for careful handling and dosing.

Common precautions when using Euphorbia candelabrum medicinally include avoiding its use in pregnancy, lactation, and in patients with sensitive skin or allergies, and also being cautious of potential interactions with other medications, ensuring a safe and effective treatment approach.

What are the horticulural aspects of Euphorbia candelabrum?

Euphorbia candelabrum grow best in full sun to partial shade with warm temperatures ranging from 64°F to 90°F (18°C to 32°C). It requires well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH, making it suitable for dry and coastal areas. Watering should be infrequent but thorough.

Planting tips for Euphorbia candelabrum include digging a hole twice as wide and as deep as the plant's root system. Plant the candelabra tree in the center of the hole, and backfill with a mix of native soil and organic matter. Water thoroughly and mulch around the base to retain moisture.

Harvesting Euphorbia candelabrum involves removing dead or damaged branches and leaves to maintain the plant's appearance. Propagate new plants by stem cuttings, which can be taken from the tips of stems during the growing season. Cuttings should be 6-8 inches long and planted in a well-draining mix.

Common pests and diseases affecting Euphorbia candelabrum include mealybugs, scale insects, and root rot caused by overwatering. Regular inspections and control measures are essential to prevent infestations and infections. Fungicides may be applied as a preventative measure during the growing season.

What are the botanical aspects of Euphorbia candelabrum?

Euphorbia candelabrum is a succulent plant characterized by its branching stems, succulent branches, and greyish-green leaves. The stems are woody, with a diameter of 10-15 cm, and are covered with waxy, white sap. The leaves are alternate, ovate, and pointed, with a length of 5-10 cm.

Euphorbia candelabrum is classified in the kingdom Plantae, family Euphorbiaceae, and genus Euphorbia. It belongs to the tribe Euphorbieae and the subfamily Euphorbioideae. The species is further classified into two subspecies, E. c. subsp. candelabrum and E. c. subsp. laticauda.

Several variants of Euphorbia candelabrum exist, including E. c. var. candida, with white stems, and E. c. var. nana, with smaller stems. Other variants have different leaf shapes, sizes, and arrangements. These variants are found in specific regions and are often cultivated for ornamental purposes.

Euphorbia candelabrum is native to southern Africa, specifically in the provinces of the Northern Cape, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape. It is also found in other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, and the Mediterranean region, where it has been introduced as a garden plant.

The life cycle of Euphorbia candelabrum begins with seed germination, which occurs after 2-3 months of sowing. The seedlings grow into mature plants in 2-5 years, producing new stems and roots. The plants can live for up to 10 years in optimal conditions, producing flowers and seeds in the summer months.

What are the historical aspects of Euphorbia candelabrum?

Euphorbia candelabrum is an ancient plant species with a long history of human interaction. It was used by indigenous peoples for medicinal purposes, as a source of food, and as a spiritual plant in various rituals and ceremonies.

In ancient Greek and Roman mythology, Euphorbia candelabrum was associated with the gods, particularly Dionysus, who was said to have used the plant's resin as an intoxicating beverage. The plant's unique shape and structure were also said to resemble a candleabra, leading to its name.

Throughout history, Euphorbia candelabrum has been imbued with symbolic meanings, representing fertility, prosperity, and protection. In many cultures, it was considered a sacred plant, used in rituals to ward off evil spirits and to bring good fortune.

The historical texts of Euphorbia candelabrum can be found in the works of ancient Greek and Roman authors, such as Pliny the Elder and Dioscorides, who described the plant's medicinal properties and uses. The texts also describe its cultivation and propagation methods.

Archaeological artifacts have revealed evidence of Euphorbia candelabrum's use in ancient civilizations, including ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman artifacts depicting the plant. These artifacts demonstrate the plant's importance in various cultures and highlight its enduring significance in human history.