fragrant eupatorium

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• fragrant eupatorium

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Eupatorium tozanense
• Eupatorium wallichii
• Eupatorium angustilobum
• Eupatorium fortunei var. angustilobum
• Eupatorium chinense var. tripartitum
• Eupatorium chinense var. simplicifolium
• Eupatorium japonicum var. fortunei
• Eupatorium fortunei
• Eupatorium caespitosum
• Eupatorium stoechadosmum

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized under the order Asterales and the family Asteraceae. Finally, it is identified by the genus Eupatorium and the specific species japonicum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a diverse range of habitats across several distinct regions of China. It can be found growing in the South-Central parts of the country. Its distribution also extends to the tropical landscape of Hainan. In the northern reaches, the species is present in both Inner Mongolia and Manchuria. Finally, the plant is documented within the China North-Central region.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Eupatorium japonicum is fundamentally defined by its specific vertical distribution within montane ecosystems, where it occupies a distinct altitudinal niche. This species thrives within a specialized elevational range, typically found at altitudes starting from a minimum of 1550 m AMSL and extending up to a maximum of 3000 m AMSL. This distribution suggests an adaptation to temperate or subalpine environmental conditions, where the plant must tolerate the varying atmospheric pressures, temperature fluctuations, and UV exposure characteristic of high-altitude habitats. By occupying this specific range, the plant interacts with a unique set of soil compositions and microclimates found between these elevations, which dictates its competitive interactions and reproductive success within its native mountain landscapes.

Elevational range max:

3000 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

1550 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Eupatorium japonicum is characterized by its status as a perennial organism, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a perennial species, it does not complete its life cycle in a single year but rather establishes a long-term presence within its ecosystem through the development of robust root systems that store energy for subsequent years. This lifecycle enables the plant to endure seasonal fluctuations, regrowing its vegetative structures annually after periods of dormancy. Throughout its existence, the plant undergoes periodic reproductive phases, transitioning from vegetative growth to the development of inflorescences, a process facilitated by its ability to accumulate sufficient resources over several seasons.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Eupatorium japonicum is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb. This herbaceous plant exhibits a self-supporting climbing habit and varies in stature depending on environmental conditions. Its height typically ranges from a minimum of 0.5 m to a maximum of 2 m, with an observed mean plant height of approximately 1.25 m.

Climber :

self-supporting

Growth form :

herb

Plant height max:

2 m

Plant height mean:

1.25 m

Plant height min:

0.5 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Eupatorium japonicum is characterized by a distinct morphological variability in its foliar structures, which play a critical role in its metabolic processes. The leaves exhibit a significant range in dimensions, with lengths varying from a minimum of 6 cm to a maximum of 20 cm, while maintaining an average leaf length of approximately 13 cm. This longitudinal variation is complemented by a corresponding breadth in width, where leaf measurements span from a minimum of 2 cm to a maximum of 6.5 cm, resulting in a mean leaf width of 4.25 cm. These varying surface areas suggest an adaptive physiological capacity to optimize light interception and gas exchange within its specific ecological niche.

Leaf length max:

20 cm

Leaf length mean:

13 cm

Leaf length min:

6 cm

Leaf width max:

6.5 cm

Leaf width mean:

4.25 cm

Leaf width min:

2 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Eupatorium japonicum is characterized by the development of small, uniform fruit structures that serve as the primary vehicle for seed dispersal. Based on morphological data, the fruit exhibits a highly consistent size profile with no variation between the minimum, mean, and maximum measurements. Specifically, the fruit length is recorded at a constant 0.35 cm, maintaining a strict value of 0.35 cm across its entire range (min: 0.35 cm, max: 0.35 cm, mean: 0.35 cm). This uniformity in fruit dimension suggests a stabilized reproductive strategy within the species, ensuring that each fruit reaches a specific standardized length to facilitate its biological functions.

Fruit length max:

0.35 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Eupatorium japonicum has 13 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 7-Acetylintermedine N-oxide, Benzofurans, Fatty acids, Flavonoids, INTERMEDINE N-OXIDE.

7-Acetylintermedine N-oxide

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Benzofurans

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Fatty acids

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Flavonoids

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

INTERMEDINE N-OXIDE

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Intermedine

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

LYCOPSAMINE N-OXIDE

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Lycopsamine

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

RETRONECINE

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Activities

Eupatorium japonicum has 4 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Anthelmintic, Antiangiogenic, Antibacterial, Antioxidant.

Anthelmintic

1. Parasitology research

Antiangiogenic

1. Genes

Antibacterial

1. Genes

Antioxidant

1. Genes

Preparations

Eupatorium japonicum has 7 reported preparations identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include Crude extract, EJ-AuNPs, EJ-based gold nanoparticles, ethanolic extract, finished products.

Crude extract

1. Parasitology research

Ej-aunps

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Ej-based gold nanoparticles

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Ethanolic extract

1. Natural product research

Finished products

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Herbs

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Traditional chinese medicine

1. Natural product research