Hemp-agrimony

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• hemp agrimony
• hemp thoroughwort
• Hemp-Agrimony

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Eupatorium cannabinum proles corsicum
• Eupatorium cannabinum var. indivisum
• Eupatorium allaisii
• Eupatorium lambertianum
• Eupatorium caucasicum
• Eupatorium corsicum
• Eupatorium soleirolii
• Eupatorium trifidum
• Eupatorium lemassonii
• Eupatorium ponticum
• Eupatorium hyrcanicum
• Eupatorium dicline
• Eupatorium variifolium
• Eupatorium finlaysonianum
• Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. cannabinum
• Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. syriacum
• Eupatorium cannabinum subsp. corsicum
• Eupatorium cannabinum var. lanceolatum
• Eupatorium nodiflorum
• Eupatorium simonsii
• Eupatorium syriacum
• Eupatorium cannabinum var. syriacum
• Eupatorium birmanicum

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Asterales. Finally, it is a member of the family Asteraceae within the genus Eupatorium.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant, Eupatorium cannabinum, exhibits a broad distribution across several regions of Northern Europe. It can be found growing in the natural landscapes of Denmark and Finland. The species also maintains a presence throughout the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. Additionally, its range extends into the northern territories of Norway. Together, these locations highlight the plant's ability to thrive in various Northern European environments.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Eupatorium cannabinum is primarily characterized by its preference for lowland habitats, where it thrives in moisture-rich environments. It is commonly found colonizing riverbanks, marshes, damp meadows, and fenlands, typically occupying areas with high groundwater levels and nutrient-dense soils. These lowland ecosystems provide the consistent hydration and alluvial sediment necessary for its robust growth. Within these habitats, the species plays a vital role in local biodiversity, serving as a significant nectar source for various pollinators and interacting with the complex moisture gradients of wetland communities.

Habitat :

Lowland

Life history

The life history of Eupatorium cannabinum is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist across multiple growing seasons. Functioning as a hemicryptophyte, its perennating buds are located at or just below the soil surface, which provides a level of protection during unfavorable periods. The plant exhibits a deciduous nature, shedding its foliage as it transitions through its seasonal cycles.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

hemicryptophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Eupatorium cannabinum is characterized by its growth form as a non-woody herb and forb. This plant is a self-supporting species, lacking any climbing or vine-like tendencies, and it functions as an independent organism rather than a parasite or epiphyte. It is a terrestrial species, typically found in non-aquatic environments. In terms of stature, the plant exhibits a variable height, generally ranging from a minimum of 0.5 m to a maximum of 2 m, with an average plant height of approximately 1 m.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

herb

Growth form :

forb

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

2 m

Plant height mean:

1 m

Plant height min:

0.5 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Eupatorium cannabinum is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and environmental adaptations. The plant exhibits a mean leaf size of 64.385 cm², providing a significant surface area for light interception and gas exchange. It is a non-carnivorous species, relying entirely on soil-based nutrient uptake rather than the capture of prey. Furthermore, it possesses a mean Specific Leaf Area (SLA) of 292.26 cm²/g, reflecting its leaf mass per area and its specific strategy for optimizing photosynthetic efficiency relative to its biomass.

Carnivory :

non-carnivorous

Leaf size mean:

64.385 cm²

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Specific Leaf Area (SLA) mean:

292.26 cm²/g

Reproduction

The reproduction of Eupatorium cannabinum involves a complex interplay of sexual and asexual mechanisms. The flowering period typically commences in July and extends through September. During this time, the plant utilizes a biotic pollination syndrome, relying primarily on insects to facilitate the transfer of pollen. While sexual reproduction is supported by the presence of self-fertilization, the plant is also capable of asexual reproduction, ensuring survival through multiple strategies. The resulting fruit is characterized as a dry achene, which is indehiscent in nature. These small fruits maintain a consistent length of approximately 0.3 cm. Within these fruits, the seeds are remarkably fine, with a mean mass of approximately 0.0003048335 g (ranging from a minimum of 0.00023 g to a maximum of 0.00038 g) and a mean volume of 0.483333333333333 mm³ (ranging from 0.42 mm³ to 0.58 mm³). For dispersal, the plant employs an anemochorous syndrome, utilizing wind currents to transport its lightweight seeds to new locations.

Dehiscence :

indehiscent

Dispersal syndrome :

anemochorous

Flowering time :

Jul

Flowering time :

Sep

Fruit dryness :

dry

Fruit length max:

0.3 cm

Fruit type :

achene

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Reproduction asexual :

present

Seed mass max:

0.00038 g

Seed mass mean:

0.0003048335 g

Seed mass min:

0.00023 g

Seed volume max:

0.58 mm³

Seed volume mean:

0.483333333333333 mm³

Seed volume min:

0.42 mm³

Self fertilization :

present

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Chemicals

Eupatorium cannabinum has 15 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include RUTIN, Astragalin, EUPAFOLIN, Echinatine, Eupatilin.

RUTIN

1. Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi
2. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Astragalin

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

EUPAFOLIN

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Echinatine

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Eupatilin

1. Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi

Eupatoriopicrin

1. Natural toxins

Flavonoids

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Hispidulin

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Hyperoside

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Isoquercitrin

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Activities

Eupatorium cannabinum has 1 reported activities identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Cytotoxic.

Cytotoxic

1. Pharmaceutisch weekblad. Scientific edition

Conditions

Eupatorium cannabinum has 1 reported investigations on conditions identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include endotoxemia.

Endotoxemia

1. Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi