What to know about Eupatorium cannabinum (hemp agrimony) before using it medicinally

Eupatorium cannabinum, commonly known as hemp agrimony, is a herb that offers numerous health benefits due to its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to improve the symptoms of various health conditions, from eczema to digestive issues.

As a versatile and adaptable plant, Eupatorium cannabinum can be grown in a variety of conditions, requiring minimal maintenance and care, making it a popular choice for both beginner and experienced gardeners. This herb is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, characterized by its tall stems and clusters of small, white or pinkish flowers, which are a favorite of pollinators.

In traditional medicine, Eupatorium cannabinum has been used for centuries, with references dating back to the 16th century, when it was used by European herbalists to treat a range of ailments.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Eupatorium cannabinum.

What are the medicinal properties of Eupatorium cannabinum?

Eupatorium cannabinum helps with various health conditions, including digestive issues, such as indigestion and bloating, as well as skin problems like eczema and acne, and respiratory issues like bronchitis and asthma.

The medicinal properties of Eupatorium cannabinum are attributed to its active constituents, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids, which possess anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antispasmodic properties.

The parts of the plant most used for medicinal purposes are the leaves, flowers, and roots, which are typically used to make teas, tinctures, and infusions.

When used improperly, Eupatorium cannabinum can cause side effects such as dizziness, nausea, and stomach upset due to its bitter and astringent properties.

Common precautions when using Eupatorium cannabinum medicinally include taking it in moderation, avoiding use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, and monitoring blood pressure and liver function, as well as consulting with a healthcare professional for guidance.

What are the horticulural aspects of Eupatorium cannabinum?

Eupatorium cannabinum grow in moist soils and full sun to partial shade conditions. This plant is native to Europe and Asia, and it thrives in areas with moderate temperatures and humidity levels. It can tolerate a wide range of pH levels but prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils. Well-drained soils are essential for this plant's growth.

For successful planting, Eupatorium cannabinum seeds are typically sown directly into the ground in early spring or late summer. Sowing seeds in rows is recommended, as this allows for easy weeding and maintenance. The seeds should be sown 12-18 inches apart and 1/4 inch deep in the soil. Water the soil gently but thoroughly after sowing.

Harvesting Eupatorium cannabinum flowers usually takes place in mid to late summer, when the plant is in full bloom. Cut the stems at the base, leaving a small portion of stem intact to promote new growth. Harvesting can be done either by hand or using pruning tools, depending on the scale of the operation. It is essential to harvest the plant regularly to promote continuous growth and flowering.

Common pests affecting Eupatorium cannabinum include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. These pests can be managed using insecticidal soap, neem oil, or pyrethrin-based sprays. Common diseases affecting this plant include powdery mildew, rust, and leaf spot. These diseases can be managed using fungicides or by implementing good cultural practices such as providing adequate air circulation and removing infected leaves.

What are the botanical aspects of Eupatorium cannabinum?

Eupatorium cannabinum is a perennial herbaceous plant that can grow up to 1.5 meters tall, with a stout stem and a single spike of small, fragrant flowers in late summer. Leaves are simple, alternate, and lance-shaped.

Eupatorium cannabinum belongs to the family Asteraceae, tribe Eupatorieae, and genus Eupatorium. Its taxonomic classification is Eupatorium cannabinum L., with two subspecies: E. c. subsp. cannabinum and E. c. subsp. pilosum.

Several variants of Eupatorium cannabinum exist, including E. c. var. pilosum, which has a hairy stem and leaves, and E. c. var. glabrum, which lacks hairs on the stem and leaves. Other variants may have different leaf shapes or flower sizes.

Eupatorium cannabinum is native to Europe and Asia, and has been introduced to North America and other parts of the world. It grows in wetlands, moist meadows, and along rivers and streams.

The life cycle of Eupatorium cannabinum begins in early spring with germination of seeds. The plant grows rapidly, producing flowers in late summer and setting seed in late autumn. The seeds mature and fall in autumn, and the plant dies back to the ground in winter, only to regrow in spring.

What are the historical aspects of Eupatorium cannabinum?

Eupatorium cannabinum is an herbaceous perennial that has been used for various purposes throughout history. In traditional medicine, its leaves, stems, and roots were used to treat ailments such as fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. It was also used as a diuretic and to alleviate pain.

In ancient Greek and Roman mythology, hemp agrimony was associated with the nymphs of the forest, who used its leaves to create sacred potions. The plant was also linked to the goddess of the hunt, Artemis, who was said to have used its leaves to cure her favorite nymphs.

In various cultures, hemp agrimony is associated with purification, protection, and healing. In some traditions, it is seen as a symbol of strength, courage, and resilience. In others, it is associated with the qualities of the earth and the cycles of nature.

Eupatorium cannabinum has been mentioned in several historical texts, including the Greek physician Hippocrates' writings and the Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder's works. These texts describe the plant's medicinal properties and its use in traditional medicine. The Greek physician Galen also wrote about the plant's diuretic and anti-inflammatory properties.

Archaeological finds have revealed that hemp agrimony was used in various ways in ancient times. For example, a 2,000-year-old Greek tomb was found to contain a cache of hemp agrimony leaves and stems, which were likely used in a medicinal or ritualistic context. Similarly, ancient Roman artifacts have been discovered with hemp agrimony leaves and stems preserved in them.