What to know about Euonymus alatus (burning bush) before using it medicinally

Euonymus alatus, commonly known as burning bush, is a herb rich in health properties that have been shown to improve cardiovascular health, reduce inflammation, and have antioxidant effects.

This fast-growing shrub is widely cultivated in temperate climates for its striking red foliage, and its versatility in horticulture makes it a popular choice for gardeners and landscape designers. From a botanical perspective, Euonymus alatus is a deciduous shrub with corky wings on its branches and oval-shaped leaves that are often used in traditional Chinese medicine.

With historical references dating back to ancient China, where it was used in traditional medicine and rituals, Euonymus alatus has been a valuable herb for centuries, and its popularity continues to grow today.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Euonymus alatus.

What are the medicinal properties of Euonymus alatus?

Euonymus alatus helps with relieving menstrual cramps, fever, rheumatism, and inflammation. The plant has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, including digestive issues, and as an antiseptic. Its medicinal properties have been utilized for centuries in Asian and European folk medicine.

The active constituents responsible for the medicinal properties of Euonymus alatus include flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. These compounds have been identified as the primary contributors to the plant's anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Research has also isolated several specific compounds, including euonymine and euonymoside, which have shown potential as therapeutic agents.

The parts of the Euonymus alatus plant most used for medicinal purposes are the leaves, bark, and roots. These tissues have been harvested and dried to create infusions, decoctions, and tinctures for various applications. The leaves, in particular, have been valued for their cooling properties and used to treat fever and inflammation.

Improper use of Euonymus alatus can lead to side effects, including allergic reactions, gastrointestinal upset, and interactions with medications. Concomitant use with certain antacids and anticoagulants may enhance the risk of bleeding. Furthermore, excessive consumption may cause liver damage or kidney failure in individuals with pre-existing conditions.

Precautions when using Euonymus alatus medicinally include proper dosing, starting with low amounts, and monitoring for adverse effects. Pregnant and breastfeeding women, as well as individuals with certain medical conditions, should consult a healthcare professional before using the plant. Additionally, potential interactions with medications and other substances should be evaluated before use.

What are the horticulural aspects of Euonymus alatus?

Euonymus alatus grow in USDA zones 5-9, preferring well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. It tolerates a wide range of pH levels but performs best in slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0-7.0). Mature size is typically 8-10 ft tall and 4-6 ft wide.

Plant Euonymus alatus in spring or fall, when the heat of summer is not intense. Water regularly during the first growing season to establish a strong root system. Mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds. Plant spacing should be 3-4 ft apart for a compact hedge.

Harvest Euonymus alatus in late fall to early winter, when the seeds are fully mature. Cut back branches to about 3-4 ft from the ground to allow for new growth and air circulation. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged branches to promote healthy growth and prevent pests.

Common pests affecting Euonymus alatus include scale, spider mites, and bagworms. Fungal diseases like leaf spot, root rot, and powdery mildew can also occur. Regular pruning, proper watering, and integrated pest management can help prevent these issues and maintain the plant's health.

What are the botanical aspects of Euonymus alatus?

Euonymus alatus is a deciduous shrub or small tree that reaches heights of 10-15 feet (3-4.5 meters) with a spread of 15-25 feet (4.5-7.6 meters). Its bark is characterized by conspicuous, warty, red-brown papillae.

Botanically, Euonymus alatus belongs to the family Celastraceae and is classified as a member of the genus Euonymus, which comprises approximately 120 species of shrubs and small trees. The species name alatus refers to its winged or wing-like stipules.

Variants of Euonymus alatus include 'Compactus', a compact form, and 'Redwing', with particularly showy red bark. 'Emerald 'n Gold' features variegated leaves, while 'Moonshadow' has silvery-green foliage.

Euonymus alatus is native to Japan, Korea, and China, where it grows in a variety of habitats, including deciduous forests and mountainous regions. It is also cultivated worldwide, often as an ornamental plant, for its attractive foliage and bark.

The life cycle of Euonymus alatus typically begins with germination in spring, followed by a period of vegetative growth and development. In autumn, leaves turn vibrant shades of yellow, orange, and red, before falling off. The plant typically enters dormancy during winter, and new growth resumes in spring.

What are the historical aspects of Euonymus alatus?

Euonymus alatus is an evergreen shrub native to Asia. Historically, it was used in traditional medicine in China to treat fever, rheumatism, and other ailments. In Korea, it was used to make a tea for colds and coughs.

In Japanese mythology, the burning bush is associated with the sun goddess, Amaterasu. It was said that the goddess used the plant to ward off evil spirits. In Hindu mythology, the plant is linked to the god of the forest, Vanaspati.

The burning bush has various symbolic meanings across cultures. In Christianity, it represents faith and perseverance. In Buddhism, it symbolizes spiritual growth and enlightenment. In China, it represents good fortune and longevity.

The earliest written records of Euonymus alatus date back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907 CE) in China. In the text "Ben Cao Gang Mu" by Li Shizhen, the plant is described as having medicinal properties. Similarly, in the Korean medical text "Dongui Bogam," it is mentioned as a treatment for various ailments.

Historical artifacts that feature Euonymus alatus include Chinese ceramic vases depicting the plant in traditional medicine scenes. In Japanese art, the burning bush is often used as a symbol in woodblock prints and paintings. In Korea, it is featured in traditional textiles and ceramics.