What to know about Erythrina variegata (coral tree) before using it medicinally

Erythrina variegata, commonly known as coral tree, is a versatile herb that possesses a range of health properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which can help to improve cardiovascular health and protect against oxidative stress.

This flowering plant is valued in horticulture for its vibrant, red-flowering branches and its ability to thrive in tropical and subtropical climates. From a botanical standpoint, Erythrina variegata is classified as a member of the Fabaceae family and features distinctive, coral-colored flowers and seed pods.

The herb has a rich history, with ancient references to its use in traditional medicine found in the Ayurvedic and Unani healing systems of India and the Middle East.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Erythrina variegata .

What are the medicinal properties of Erythrina variegata ?

Erythrina variegata helps with treating various health issues including fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. The plant is also used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory issues and as a purgative.

The active constituents of Erythrina variegata include alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides, particularly erythrinine, which is responsible for its medicinal properties. These compounds exhibit analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities, contributing to the plant's therapeutic effects.

The most commonly used parts of Erythrina variegata for medicinal purposes are the bark, leaves, and pods. The bark is used to treat fever and rheumatism, while the leaves are used to treat skin conditions and respiratory issues. The pods are used as a purgative.

Improper use of Erythrina variegata can lead to side effects such as gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, and increased heart rate. Prolonged use of the plant's extracts can also cause liver damage and interact with certain medications.

Precautions when using Erythrina variegata medicinally include consulting a healthcare professional before use, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women. The plant should be used in moderation and under proper guidance to avoid adverse reactions and interactions with other medications.

What are the horticulural aspects of Erythrina variegata ?

Erythrina variegata grow best in full sun to partial shade with a warm and humid climate. It tolerates drought, but regular watering promotes vibrant flowers and healthy growth. The optimal temperature range is 64°F to 90°F (18°C to 32°C).

For successful planting, coral tree seedlings are usually started in containers and then transplanted when 1 to 2 feet tall. Choose a location with well-draining soil and full sun to partial shade. Plant at the same depth as in the container, and water regularly to prevent drying out.

Flowers of Erythrina variegata can be harvested for decorative arrangements after they have reached full bloom. However, the best time to harvest flowers depends on the intended use, such as for cut flower arrangements or for drying. Cut stems at an angle, and remove lower leaves to promote water uptake.

Common pests and diseases affecting coral tree include caterpillars, mealybugs, and root rot caused by overwatering. Regular pruning helps prevent fungal diseases by removing infected wood. Insect infestations can be managed with insecticidal soap or neem oil, and proper watering practices can prevent root rot.

What are the botanical aspects of Erythrina variegata ?

Erythrina variegata is a deciduous tree that belongs to the Legume family. It has a straight trunk with a short, broad crown, and a smooth grey bark. Leaves are pinnately compound, with 2-4 pairs of leaflets, and have a pointed tip.

The taxonomical classification of Erythrina variegata is as follows: Kingdom - Plantae, Family - Fabaceae, Genus - Erythrina, Species - E. variegata. It is a monotypic species, meaning it is the only species in the genus.

Several variants of Erythrina variegata are recognized, including the var. variabilis, which has a wider distribution, and the var. rosea, which has pink flowers. Other variants have been reported to have different leaflet arrangements and flower colors.

Erythrina variegata is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World, including Asia, Africa, and Australia. It has been naturalized in many parts of the world, including the Americas, and is widely cultivated as an ornamental tree.

The life cycle of Erythrina variegata involves a short period of germination, followed by rapid growth to maturity. It produces showy flowers in clusters at the end of branches, followed by pods that contain several seeds. The tree can live for up to 20 years in ideal conditions.

What are the historical aspects of Erythrina variegata ?

Erythrina variegata is a flowering plant with a rich history of human use. In traditional medicine, its bark is used to treat fever, rheumatism, and snake bites. In Africa, it's used as a fish poison.

In Hindu mythology, the tree is associated with the god Shiva, said to have used it to create the universe. In some African cultures, the tree's wood is believed to have magical powers. In ancient Egypt, it's mentioned in the Ebers Papyrus.

In many cultures, the coral tree is a symbol of love, loyalty, and protection. In Hinduism, it's associated with the goddess Durga, who is said to reside in its branches. In some African cultures, it's considered a sacred tree.

Historical texts such as Pliny's Naturalis Historia and Linnaeus's Species Plantarum mention the coral tree. In ancient India, the plant is mentioned in the Rigveda and the Ayurvedic text, the Charaka Samhita. The European herbalist, Leonhart Fuchs, also described the plant.

The coral tree has appeared in various historical artifacts, including ancient Egyptian tomb paintings and Indian sculptures. In the 18th century, European botanical artists illustrated the plant, including its distinctive flowers and branches.