What to know about Ervatamia coronaria (queen of the night) before using it medicinally

Ervatamia coronaria, commonly known as queen of the night, is a medicinal herb that has been found to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making it a valuable natural remedy for improving cardiovascular health, immune system function, and wound healing.

Cultivated for its fragrant flowers and leaves, Ervatamia coronaria is a relatively easy-to-grow, semi-evergreen climber that thrives in warm, humid environments with well-drained soil. This herb belongs to the Apocynaceae family and is characterized by its distinctive tubular flowers and succulent leaves, which have been used in traditional medicine for their therapeutic properties.

Records of Ervatamia coronaria date back to ancient Chinese and Ayurvedic medicine, where it was highly prized for its unique fragrance and medicinal properties.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Ervatamia coronaria .

What are the medicinal properties of Ervatamia coronaria ?

Ervatamia coronaria helps with various health issues, including fever, rheumatism, and skin problems, due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. Its extracts are also used as a traditional remedy for treating respiratory conditions.

The active constituents of Ervatamia coronaria include alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. Alkaloids like vincamine and ervatamine exhibit vasodilatory and spasmolytic activities. Flavonoids and terpenoids also contribute to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

The parts of the Ervatamia coronaria plant most used for medicinal purposes are its leaves, roots, and stem. The leaves are rich in flavonoids and terpenoids, while the roots and stem contain alkaloids. The leaves and roots are used to treat fever, while the stem is used for rheumatism and skin problems.

Improper use of Ervatamia coronaria can lead to gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. High doses can also cause cardiovascular problems, such as hypertension and arrhythmia. Long-term use may result in dependence and toxicity.

Precautions when using Ervatamia coronaria medicinally include consulting a healthcare professional before use, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women, and those with kidney or liver problems. Dose and duration of treatment should be strictly followed, and patients should be aware of potential side effects and interactions with other medications.

What are the horticulural aspects of Ervatamia coronaria ?

Ervatamia coronaria grow in warm, humid climates with partial shade to full sun. It thrives in well-draining soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.0, and can tolerate temperatures up to 35°C (95°F). The plant is native to tropical Asia and requires a frost-free environment.

Planting tips for Ervatamia coronaria include selecting a location with high humidity and moderate temperatures. Dig a hole 1.5 times the width of the root ball and add organic matter to improve soil fertility. Plant the stem at the same depth as the root ball and water thoroughly to settle the soil.

Harvesting Ervatamia coronaria flowers requires patience and careful timing. The flowers bloom in the evening, lasting only a few hours, and should be picked at dusk when they are fully open. Use scissors or pinch off the flower stems to avoid damaging the plant, and harvest the flowers in the morning after they have closed.

Common pests and diseases affecting Ervatamia coronaria include scale insects, mealybugs, and root rot caused by overwatering. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation or disease and treat promptly with insecticidal soap or fungicides. Maintain good air circulation and ensure proper drainage to prevent root rot.

What are the botanical aspects of Ervatamia coronaria ?

Ervatamia coronaria is a perennial vine with ovate, entire leaves that are 2-10 cm long and 1-5 cm wide, bearing axillary spikes of white to purple flowers that are 1-2 cm long.

Ervatamia coronaria belongs to the family Apocynaceae, order Gentianales, and is native to the tropical regions of Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. Its botanical name is derived from the Greek words "ervas" meaning "twisted" and "tamia" meaning "fruit".

Two variants of Ervatamia coronaria are recognized, var. coronaria and var. latifolia, differing in leaf shape and size. The former has narrow elliptic leaves, while the latter has broader elliptic leaves.

Ervatamia coronaria is widely distributed throughout tropical Asia, including India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia, and is often found in open forests and grasslands. It has also been naturalized in other parts of the world, including the Pacific Islands.

The life cycle of Ervatamia coronaria consists of seed germination, seedling development, vegetative growth, flowering, and fruiting. Seeds germinate after 1-2 months of sowing, and seedlings grow into vines that produce white to purple flowers that are pollinated by insects and birds.

What are the historical aspects of Ervatamia coronaria ?

Ervatamia coronaria is a plant species that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries. Its roots and leaves have been employed to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is valued for its purported antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.

In mythological references, Ervatamia coronaria is associated with the night-blooming jasmine in Indian and Chinese cultures. The plant's nocturnal flowering is said to symbolize the union of Shiva and Parvati, while in Chinese folklore, its fragrance is believed to guide travelers through the night. These stories underscore the plant's mystique and cultural significance.

Ervatamia coronaria carries rich symbolic meanings across various cultures. In Japan, its flowers represent the ephemeral nature of life, while in India, the plant is associated with the feminine principle and fertility. Its delicate, night-blooming flowers are also seen as a symbol of the feminine, receptive, and nurturing qualities. In many cultures, the plant is revered for its beauty and spiritual significance.

The historical texts of Ervatamia coronaria can be found in traditional Chinese medical texts, such as the Shennong Ben Cao Jing and the Ben Cao Gang Mu. These texts describe the plant's uses in medicine and its classification within the Chinese materia medica. Similarly, in Ayurvedic texts, the plant is mentioned as a remedy for various conditions. These texts demonstrate the plant's importance in traditional medicine.

Ervatamia coronaria has been featured in various historical artifacts, including Chinese ceramics and textiles. The plant's flowers and leaves are often depicted in intricate designs, highlighting its cultural significance. In Japanese art, the plant is often shown in conjunction with the night-blooming jasmine, underscoring its mythological connections. These artifacts provide visual evidence of the plant's importance in historical cultures.