Elaeagnus pungens
Elaeagnus pungens · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Elaeagnus pungens is a resilient plant species known for its diverse range of biochemical properties and biological activities. The leaves of this plant contain significant concentrations of chemical compounds such as 3-Methylkaempferol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-methoxylbenzoic acid, and caffeic acid methyl ester. These constituents contribute to several specialized functions, including analgesic and aldose-reductase-inhibitor activities. Additionally, the plant exhibits complex ecological and physiological behaviors, acting as both an allelopathic agent and an abortifacient. Understanding these specific chemical profiles provides valuable insight into the multifaceted nature of this species.
- Synonyms
- Elaeagnus Pungens Var. Aurea · Elaeagnus Pungens Subsp. Simonii · 22 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Elaeagnaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Elaeagnus pungens is a versatile shrub known by many different names depending on the region and language. In English-speaking areas, it is frequently referred to as Chaff leaf piquant or Eleagne punxent. Those familiar with Romance languages may recognize it as Olivagno pungente or Olivo espinoso. Additionally, it carries the Polish designation of Oliwnik kłujący. Understanding these various common names is essential for identifying this plant across diverse botanical landscapes.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Elaeagnus pungens is a versatile species known to encompass a variety of botanical synonyms within its taxonomic range. For instance, it is frequently identified by the name Elaeagnus obtusa in certain horticultural contexts. The plant also includes distinct forms such as the variegated Elaeagnus frederici-variegata and the golden-hued Elaeagnus pungens f. aurea. Additionally, specialized variations like Elaeagnus pungens f. angustifolia and Elaeagnus pungens f. frederici represent specific morphological deviations of the primary species. Understanding these overlapping names is essential for accurate identification in both scientific and gardening circles.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Elaeagnus pungens belongs to the kingdom Plantae, marking its place within the diverse world of living plants. As a member of the class Equisetopsida, this species exhibits the fundamental characteristics of vascular plants. It is further classified under the order Rosales, connecting it to a broad group of related botanical lineages. Within this order, the plant is nested in the family Elaeagnaceae, which defines its specific biological traits. Ultimately, it resides within the genus Elaeagnus, completing its formal scientific identity.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Rosales |
| Family | Elaeagnaceae |
| Genus | Elaeagnus |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Elaeagnus pungens exhibits an expansive natural range that spans across multiple continents and diverse climates. In Africa, the species is found throughout the Western Indian Ocean and around Mauritius. Its presence extends deeply into the temperate regions of Asia, specifically within Central Asia and Tadzhikistan. The plant is also widely distributed across China, including both the South-Central and Southeast territories. Finally, its reach continues into Eastern Asia, where it is established within the landscape of Japan.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Elaeagnus pungens is a self-supporting plant that develops a distinct tree-like growth form. This species typically reaches a moderate stature, with heights ranging from a minimum of 2 meters to a maximum of 4 meters. Its sturdy structure allows it to stand firmly within its natural environment. This combination of height and form makes it a versatile addition to various landscapes.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Elaeagnus pungens has been identified as a source of several significant chemical constituents through detailed spectral analysis. Research into the ethyl acetate ether extract of its leaves has successfully isolated various bioactive compounds. Specifically, the plant contains 3-methylkaempferol and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside. Additionally, the chemical profile of the species includes 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-methoxylbenzoic acid. The presence of these substances, alongside caffeic acid methyl ester, highlights the complex phytochemical makeup of this plant.
Conditions
Preparations
Parts used
Elaeagnus pungens serves as a significant source of bioactive compounds, particularly when studying its leaf components. Researchers have focused on extracting chemical constituents from these leaves to identify specific cytotoxic activities. Through repeated chromatographic methods and spectral analysis, several distinct structures have been successfully elucidated. The isolation process from the ethyl acetate ether extract revealed a variety of compounds, including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and various flavonoids. Notably, many of these specific compounds were isolated from this plant for the very first time.