By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 20, 2024
What to know about Echinacea angustifolia before using it medicinally
Echinacea angustifolia, commonly known as coneflower, has been traditionally used to help alleviate symptoms associated with various health conditions, including the common cold, flu, and respiratory tract infections.
The herb is valued for its ability to boost the immune system and reduce inflammation, providing relief from conditions such as sore throats, coughs, and fever. The main health benefits of Echinacea angustifolia include its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to its therapeutic effects. The herb's bioactive compounds, including alkylamides, glycoproteins, and phenolic acids, are responsible for its medicinal properties.
In herbal medicine, Echinacea angustifolia is often prepared as a root tea or dried root supplement, which can be consumed to support immune function and overall health.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Pharmacological research communications", Echinacea angustifolia has been found to possess significant anti-inflammatory properties. Specifically, the high-molecular weight polysaccharides within its roots have been shown to inhibit oedema and reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in mice. These findings suggest that Echinacea angustifolia may be a useful natural remedy for inflammation-related conditions.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Echinacea angustifolia, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Echinacea angustifolia provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Common cold, Influenza, Bronchitis, Sinusitis, Tonsillitis, Pneumonia, Sore throat, Fever, Fatigue, Flu |
| Benefits | Boosts immune, Fights infections, Reduces inflammation, Prevents disease, Kills bacteria, Fights cancer, Reduces stress, Improves sleep, Supports digestion, Increases energy |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal |
| Constituents | Alkylamides, Saponins, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Glycosides, Alkaloids, Iridoids, Caffeic acid, Phenylethanoids, Triterpene acids |
| Parts | Roots, Flowers, Rhizomes |
| Preparations | Capsule, Tincture, Tea, Salve |
| Side Effects | Experiences, Develops, Manifests, Reports, Exhibits, Manifests, Experiences, Suffers, Undergoes, Suffers |
| Precaution | Consult a healthcare professional before use, Monitor blood sugar levels, Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, Use in moderation due to potential allergenic effects, Interact with immunosuppressive medications, Avoid with autoimmune disorders, Be cautious with diabetes medications, Monitor liver function, Avoid with bleeding disorders, Be cautious with sedatives and antidepressants |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Echinacea angustifolia. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Echinacea angustifolia?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Echinacea angustifolia?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Echinacea angustifolia?
- What are the major healing constituents of Echinacea angustifolia?
- What are the most used parts of Echinacea angustifolia in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Echinacea angustifolia?
- What are the possible side effects of Echinacea angustifolia if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Echinacea angustifolia medicinally?
- Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Echinacea angustifolia?
- Related herbs to Echinacea angustifolia?
What are the main medicinal uses of Echinacea angustifolia?
The main medicinal uses of Echinacea angustifolia are its application in alleviating the symptoms of common cold, sore throat, and fever, primarily due to its high content of alkylamides, glycosides, and phenolic acids.
The plant's immunomodulatory properties, attributed to the presence of polysaccharides and phenolic compounds, make it an effective treatment for sinusitis, which is characterized by inflammation of the nasal passages. Additionally, Echinacea angustifolia has been found to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, particularly in the case of tonsillitis, where its ability to reduce bacterial load and inflammation is beneficial. The plant's antiviral and antitussive activities, mediated by the action of alkylamides and glycosides, also contribute to its efficacy in treating flu, cough, bronchitis, and infection, by reducing the severity of symptoms and shortening the duration of the illness.
By modulating the immune response and exerting its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, Echinacea angustifolia offers a natural approach to managing these health conditions.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Echinacea angustifolia.
The list below provide more details on why Echinacea angustifolia is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Common Cold: Echinacea angustifolia is used for the common cold because it contains compounds that may help stimulate the immune system, reduce the severity and duration of cold symptoms, and prevent the spread of cold viruses.
- Influenza: Echinacea angustifolia is used for influenza because it may help stimulate the immune system, reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms, and prevent the spread of flu viruses.
- Bronchitis: Echinacea angustifolia is used for bronchitis because it may help soothe and calm the respiratory tract, reduce inflammation, and stimulate the immune system to fight off infections.
- Sinusitis: Echinacea angustifolia is used for sinusitis because it may help reduce inflammation, soothe and calm the nasal passages, and stimulate the immune system to fight off infections.
- Tonsillitis: Echinacea angustifolia is used for tonsillitis because it may help reduce inflammation, soothe and calm the throat, and stimulate the immune system to fight off infections.
- Pneumonia: There is limited evidence to support the use of Echinacea angustifolia for pneumonia, and it should not be relied upon as the sole treatment for this condition.
- Sore Throat: Echinacea angustifolia is used for sore throat because it may help soothe and calm the throat, reduce inflammation, and stimulate the immune system to fight off infections.
- Fever: Echinacea angustifolia is used for fever because it may help stimulate the immune system, reduce inflammation, and help the body recover from illness.
- Fatigue: Echinacea angustifolia is used for fatigue because it may help stimulate the immune system, reduce inflammation, and increase energy levels by promoting a healthy recovery from illness.
- Flu: Echinacea angustifolia is used for the flu because it may help stimulate the immune system, reduce the severity and duration of flu symptoms, and prevent the spread of flu viruses.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Echinacea angustifolia, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Common Cold, Bronchitis, Sinusitis, Pneumonia, Tonsillitis, Influenza, Sore Throat, Flu, Urinary Tract Infections, Fever, Gastroenteritis, Fatigue, Migraine, Ear Infection, Strep Throat, Herpes, Malaria, Gingivitis, Herpes Simplex, Skin Infections |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Influenza, Bronchitis, Tonsillitis, Common Cold, Pneumonia, Sinusitis, Sore Throat, Fever, Measles, Malaria, Ear Infection, Fatigue, Mumps, Cold, Cough, Strep Throat, Gastroenteritis, Meningitis, Diarrhea, Infection |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Influenza, Common Cold, Bronchitis, Sinusitis, Sore Throat, Pneumonia, Tonsillitis, Fever, Urinary Tract Infections, Fatigue, Malaria, Migraines, Meningitis, Cough, Gastroenteritis, Herpes, Measles, Scarlet Fever, Ear Infection, Diarrhea |
| Unani Medicine | Common Cold, Influenza, Tonsillitis, Sinusitis, Bronchitis, Pneumonia, Sore Throat, Fever, Fatigue, Urinary Tract Infections, Migraines, Meningitis, Herpes, Gastroenteritis, Cough, Respiratory Infections, Measles, Laryngitis, Diarrhea, Mononucleosis |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Common Cold, Sinusitis, Bronchitis, Influenza, Tonsillitis, Sore Throat, Pneumonia, Flu, Fatigue, Gastroenteritis, Migraine, Fever, Laryngitis, Measles, Herpes Simplex, Cough, Malaria, Ear Infection, Diarrhea, Colds |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Echinacea angustifolia is used to treat the common cold, a condition often caused by viral infections.
It has also been shown to be effective in treating bronchitis, a respiratory infection that can lead to complications such as pneumonia, an infection that can be life-threatening if left untreated. Furthermore, Echinacea angustifolia has been used to treat sinusitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the sinuses, as well as tonsillitis, an infection of the tonsils that can cause inflammation and fever. The plant has also been used to treat influenza, a viral infection that can cause symptoms such as sore throat, and urinary tract infections, a condition that can be caused by bacterial infections.
Additionally, Echinacea angustifolia has been used to treat gastroenteritis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines, and has shown potential in reducing fatigue and migraine symptoms, while also being effective in treating ear infections, strep throat, herpes, malaria, gingivitis, herpes simplex, and skin infections.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Echinacea angustifolia is used to treat influenza, bronchitis, tonsillitis, and common cold, often in combination with other herbs.
Its immunomodulatory properties also make it effective in addressing pneumonia, sinusitis, and sore throat, while its anti-inflammatory properties help alleviate fever. Echinacea angustifolia is also employed to combat measles, malaria, ear infection, and fatigue, as well as mumps and cold. Furthermore, it is utilized to relieve cough, strep throat, and gastroenteritis, including diarrhea, and is sometimes used to treat meningitis, especially in children.
Additionally, its antimicrobial properties make it useful in treating various infections, including infections that cause illness.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Echinacea angustifolia is used to treat influenza, common cold, and bronchitis, which are respiratory infections often caused by viral or bacterial pathogens.
This plant is also used to alleviate sinusitis, sore throat, and cough, all of which are symptoms associated with respiratory tract infections. Furthermore, Echinacea angustifolia is employed in the treatment of pneumonia, tonsillitis, fever, urinary tract infections, fatigue, and malaria, which are conditions that arise from a weakened immune system or bacterial/fungal infections. Additionally, it is used to manage migraines, meningitis, gastroenteritis, herpes, measles, scarlet fever, ear infections, and diarrhea, all of which are caused by viral or bacterial pathogens.
By utilizing Echinacea angustifolia, individuals can potentially alleviate symptoms and boost their immune system to fight off these health conditions.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Echinacea angustifolia is used to treat common cold, influenza, and tonsillitis with its immunomodulatory and antiviral properties.
The plant's extracts are also employed to alleviate sinusitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia by reducing inflammation and promoting healing in the respiratory tract. Additionally, Echinacea angustifolia is used to alleviate sore throat, fever, fatigue, and urinary tract infections due to its antimicrobial and antifungal activities. Furthermore, the plant has been found to be effective in managing migraines, meningitis, herpes, gastroenteritis, cough, and respiratory infections by modulating the immune response and reducing oxidative stress.
Its uses also extend to the treatment of laryngitis, diarrhea, mononucleosis, and measles.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Echinacea angustifolia is used to treat various health conditions, with its antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties making it a popular choice for alleviating the symptoms of the common cold, particularly the congestion and cough associated with it.
Sinusitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the sinuses, is also effectively treated with Echinacea angustifolia, which helps to reduce swelling and promote drainage. Additionally, bronchitis, an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, is often managed with Echinacea angustifolia, which helps to soothe the throat and reduce mucus production. Furthermore, its antiviral properties make it an effective remedy for influenza, tonsillitis, sore throat, pneumonia, and flu, among other infections.
Echinacea angustifolia is also used to treat fatigue, gastroenteritis, migraine, fever, laryngitis, measles, herpes simplex, cough, malaria, ear infection, diarrhea, and other colds and infections.
What are the primary health benefits of Echinacea angustifolia?
Echinacea angustifolia boosts immune system by activating macrophages and natural killer cells, enhancing the body's ability to fight off pathogens.
Fights infections, including those caused by viruses and bacteria, by inhibiting the replication of pathogens and reducing the severity of symptoms. Reduces inflammation by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, which helps to alleviate symptoms associated with conditions such as arthritis and allergies. Prevents disease by modulating the immune response and reducing the risk of infections, which can help to prevent conditions such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
Kills bacteria by disrupting their cell walls and membranes, which helps to combat bacterial infections and reduce the risk of secondary infections.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Echinacea angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on why Echinacea angustifolia offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Boosts Immune: This benefit is due to the presence of alkylamides and glycoproteins, which have been shown to stimulate the production of white blood cells and activate immune cells, such as macrophages and natural killer cells, thereby enhancing the body's natural defenses and increasing its ability to fight off infections.
- Fights Infections: This benefit is attributed to the plant's ability to stimulate the production of interferons, which are proteins that help to fight off viral infections, as well as its antimicrobial properties, which can help to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.
- Reduces Inflammation: The anti-inflammatory properties of this plant are due to the presence of flavonoids, alkylamides, and other compounds, which have been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes and reduce the severity of inflammation in the body.
- Prevents Disease: This benefit is thought to be due to the plant's ability to stimulate the production of antioxidants, which can help to protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, as well as its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to prevent the development of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
- Kills Bacteria: The antibacterial properties of this plant are due to the presence of compounds such as alkylamides and glycoproteins, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms, making it effective against a range of bacterial infections.
- Fights Cancer: The antitumor properties of this plant are thought to be due to the presence of compounds such as alkylamides and glycoproteins, which have been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and induce apoptosis, or cell death, thereby preventing the development and spread of cancer.
- Reduces Stress: The adaptogenic properties of this plant allow it to help the body adapt to stress, by regulating the production of stress hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline, and promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety.
- Improves Sleep: The sedative properties of this plant can help to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality, by reducing stress and anxiety and promoting a sense of calm and relaxation.
- Supports Digestion: The prebiotic properties of this plant can help to support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, thereby promoting a healthy gut microbiome and improving digestion and reducing symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
- Increases Energy: The adaptogenic properties of this plant allow it to help the body adapt to stress, by regulating the production of energy-producing hormones such as adrenaline and cortisol, and promoting a sense of vitality and well-being.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Echinacea angustifolia for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Lower Blood Pressure, Prevent Blood Clots, Improve Circulation, Reduce Inflammation, Strengthen Blood Vessels, Protect Against Atherosclerosis, Enhance Vasodilation, Regulate Heart Rate, Reduce Cardiac Stress, Promote Angiogenesis |
| Digestive System | Alleviates Inflammation, Reduces Bloating, Soothes Irritation, Relieves Constipation, Boosts Digestion, Heals Ulcers, Treats Diarrhea, Eliminates Gas, Cures Dysentery, Prevents Colitis |
| Endocrine System | Supports Thyroid Function, Regulates Adrenal Secretion, Stimulates Pituitary Growth, Balances Insulin Sensitivity, Enhances Cortisol Response, Regulates Estrogen Levels, Boosts Testosterone Production, Reduces Insulin Resistance, Improves Metabolic Rate, Supports Pancreatic Function |
| Integumentary System | Boosts Skin Health, Protects Skin Cells, Heals Wound Faster, Reduces Inflammation, Fights Skin Infections, Promotes Collagen Growth, Improves Skin Elasticity, Soothes Skin Irritations, Repairs Skin Tissues, Enhances Skin Protection |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymph Flow, Stimulates Lymph Nodes, Enhances Lymph Drainage, Supports Lymph Function, Reduces Lymph Swelling, Activates Immune Response, Increases Lymphatic Filtration, Improves Lymphatic Circulation, Suppresses Inflammatory Reactions, Promotes Lymphocyte Activation |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Inflammation, Relieves Pain, Improves Joint Health, Enhances Mobility, Fights Oxidative Stress, Soothes Muscle Spasms, Supports Bone Density, Eases Arthritis Symptoms, Combats Tissue Damage, Accelerates Healing Process |
| Nervous System | Reduces Anxiety, Regulates Stress, Boosts Energy, Improves Focus, Enhances Clarity, Relaxes Muscles, Supports Mood, Increases Alertness, Stabilizes Nerves, Promotes Calmness |
| Reproductive System | Regulate Hormones, Stimulate Ovulation, Enhance Fertility, Reduce Inflammation, Protect Reproductive, Increase Libido, Balance Testosterone, Improve Reproductive, Support Pregnancy, Boost Folic Acid |
| Respiratory System | Reduce Inflammation, Boost Immune System, Prevent Respiratory Infections, Relieve Congestion Symptoms, Fight Bacterial Infections, Soothe Respiratory Tissues, Suppress Coughing Episodes, Enhance Lung Function, Reduce Mucus Production, Relieve Asthma Symptoms |
| Urinary System | Prevents Infections, Reduces Inflammation, Treats Urinary Tract, Supports Kidney Function, Relaxes Bladder Muscles, Fights Off Bacteria, Improves Urine Flow, Eases Bladder Pain, Soothes Bladder Irritation, Protects Prostate Gland |
Circulatory System
Echinacea angustifolia lower blood pressure by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme, a key component in blood pressure regulation.
It prevents blood clots through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which reduce the formation of thrombin and improve blood vessel function. The plant improves circulation by enhancing vasodilation, a process that increases blood flow and reduces vascular resistance. Echinacea angustifolia also strengthen blood vessels by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin, essential components of blood vessel walls, and reduce inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, which prevent the damage of blood vessel walls.
Additionally, it protect against atherosclerosis by reducing the formation of plaque and promoting angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, and regulate heart rate by modulating the autonomic nervous system, reducing cardiac stress through its antioxidant properties, and promote angiogenesis, a process that increases blood flow and reduces vascular resistance.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- Poor circulation
- Eczema
- Lymphedema
- Bruises
- Swollen legs
Digestive System
Echinacea angustifolia alleviates inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, which reduce the risk of infections that cause inflammation.
Echinacea angustifolia reduces bloating by regulating digestive enzymes and improving gut motility, preventing the accumulation of gas that leads to bloating. Soothing irritation is achieved through the antispasmodic and antioxidant properties of Echinacea angustifolia, which calm the digestive tract and reduce irritation. Echinacea angustifolia relieves constipation by regulating bowel movements and promoting the elimination of waste, while its stimulant properties increase peristalsis and improve digestion.
Echinacea angustifolia heals ulcers, treats diarrhea, eliminates gas, cures dysentery, and prevents colitis, all due to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties that create a conducive environment for the healing of the digestive system.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Diarrhea
- Gastroenteritis
- Ulcers
- Colitis
- Nausea
Endocrine System
Echinacea angustifolia supports thyroid function by containing compounds that stimulate the thyroid gland, while also regulating adrenal secretion by exerting a modulating effect on cortisol levels.
This regulation of adrenal secretion in turn stimulates pituitary growth by influencing the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The plant's ability to balance insulin sensitivity prevents the onset of insulin resistance, a condition often associated with metabolic disorders. Echinacea angustifolia enhances cortisol response by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which also leads to a reduction in insulin resistance and an improvement in metabolic rate.
Furthermore, the plant's medicinal properties, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, contribute to its ability to regulate estrogen levels, boost testosterone production, and support pancreatic function.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hypothyroidism
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Diabetes
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hormonal imbalance
- Menopausal symptoms
- Low testosterone
Integumentary System
Echinacea angustifolia boosts skin health by containing flavonoids and phenolic acids, which possess antioxidant properties to combat free radicals.
This plant protects skin cells from damage caused by UV radiation, thanks to its antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. Echinacea angustifolia heals wound faster due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce swelling and promote blood flow to the affected area. The plant's immunomodulatory effects also reduce inflammation, fight skin infections, and promote collagen growth, ultimately improving skin elasticity.
Furthermore, Echinacea angustifolia soothes skin irritations, repairs skin tissues, and enhances skin protection by shielding it from environmental stressors and toxins.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Wound healing
- Eczema
- Skin infections
- Acne
- Burns
- Rashes
- Bruises
- Blisters
- Fungal infections
- Ulcers
Lymphatic System
Echinacea angustifolia boosts lymph flow by containing compounds like alkylamides and glycosides, which enhance the contractions of lymphatic vessels.
Stimulated by these bioactive compounds, lymph nodes are activated to fight off infections, thereby stimulating lymph nodes. Echinacea angustifolia enhances lymph drainage by reducing edema and inflammation in the lymphatic system, attributed to its anti-inflammatory properties. The medicinal properties of Echinacea angustifolia, including its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, support lymph function and reduce lymph swelling by eliminating pathogens and free radicals.
Echinacea angustifolia also activates immune response, increases lymphatic filtration, improves lymphatic circulation, suppresses inflammatory reactions, and promotes lymphocyte activation through its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, ultimately protecting the lymphatic system from various diseases.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphedema
- Tonsillitis
- Folliculitis
Musculoskeletal System
Echinacea angustifolia reduces inflammation through its anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Relieving pain is also achieved through its analgesic properties, which interact with pain receptors to decrease the transmission of pain signals. Improving joint health is facilitated by its antioxidant properties, which protect joints from oxidative damage and promote the repair of damaged tissues, thereby enhancing mobility. The plant's ability to fight oxidative stress is a result of its high content of polyphenols, which scavenge free radicals and prevent cellular damage, while soothing muscle spasms is due to its anti-spasmodic properties.
Echinacea angustifolia supports bone density by stimulating the production of osteoblasts, which build new bone tissue, and eases arthritis symptoms by suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, and it combats tissue damage and accelerates the healing process through its wound-healing properties, ultimately leading to improved joint health and reduced pain.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Osteoarthritis
- Tendinitis
- Muscle spasms
- Rheumatism
- Back pain
Nervous System
Echinacea angustifolia reduces anxiety by exerting anxiolytic effects due to its alkaloid content, specifically echinacoside.
It regulates stress by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, reducing cortisol levels and promoting relaxation. Boosting energy is attributed to the plant's adaptogenic properties, which enhance cellular respiration and ATP production. Echinacea angustifolia improves focus and enhances clarity by modulating neurotransmitter activity, specifically dopamine and acetylcholine, which play a crucial role in attention and cognitive function.
Additionally, it relaxes muscles, supports mood, increases alertness, stabilizes nerves, and promotes calmness through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which reduce muscle spasms, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal excitability.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Stress
- Fatigue
- Neurasthenia
Reproductive System
Echinacea angustifolia regulate hormones through its estrogen-modulating properties, influencing the balance of reproductive hormones in women, while antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties help reduce inflammation in the reproductive system and protect reproductive organs from infections.
This plant stimulate ovulation by regulating the reproductive cycle and enhancing fertility through its antioxidant properties, which also increase libido by promoting a healthy reproductive environment. Echinacea angustifolia balance testosterone levels by modulating the production of this hormone and improve reproductive health by reducing inflammation and promoting the growth of healthy reproductive tissues. Additionally, the plant boost folic acid levels, essential for a healthy pregnancy, and enhance fertility by stimulating the release of eggs from the ovaries, while supporting pregnancy by maintaining a balanced reproductive system.
By regulating the body's hormonal balance and promoting a healthy reproductive environment, Echinacea angustifolia protect reproductive health and promote overall reproductive well-being.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menstrual cramps
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Menopausal symptoms
- Infertility
Respiratory System
Echinacea angustifolia reduce inflammation in the respiratory system by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, which are essential for alleviating the discomfort associated with various respiratory conditions.
This plant's ability to boost immune system function through its immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties helps to prevent respiratory infections, such as the common cold and flu. Additionally, Echinacea angustifolia's anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties prevent respiratory infections by fighting bacterial infections, relieving congestion symptoms by reducing mucus production, and soothing respiratory tissues. The plant's expectorant properties also help to suppress coughing episodes, enhance lung function, and relieve asthma symptoms, making it an effective natural remedy for respiratory health.
Furthermore, Echinacea angustifolia's antioxidant properties help to protect the respiratory system from oxidative stress, further contributing to its overall benefits for respiratory health.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Bronchitis
- Sinusitis
- Tonsillitis
- Pneumonia
- Cough
- Sore throat
Urinary System
Echinacea angustifolia prevents infections by exhibiting antimicrobial properties that inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms.
Reducing inflammation is another key benefit of this plant, achieved through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which help alleviate swelling and oxidative stress in the urinary system. The plant's ability to treat urinary tract issues is primarily due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which soothe irritated tissues and promote healing. Echinacea angustifolia supports kidney function by its antioxidant properties, which protect these vital organs from damage caused by free radicals.
Its ability to relax bladder muscles, fight off bacteria, improve urine flow, ease bladder pain, soothe bladder irritation, and protect the prostate gland also contribute to its effectiveness in maintaining a healthy urinary system.
The medicinal benefits of Echinacea angustifolia on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Bladder infections
- Kidney stones
- Urinary tract infections
- Prostatitis
- Cystitis
- Urethritis
- Pyelonephritis
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Echinacea angustifolia?
The therapeutic properties of Echinacea angustifolia are characterized by its antimicrobial activity, which is attributed to the presence of phenolic acids and alkylamides, allowing it to combat infections.
This plant also exhibits antioxidant properties due to the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, which neutralize free radicals and protect cells from oxidative damage. Its anti-inflammatory properties are mediated by the bioactive compound echinacoside, which reduces inflammation and alleviates pain. Additionally, Echinacea angustifolia has immunomodulatory effects, which are largely attributed to the presence of alkylamides and caffeic acid derivatives, enabling it to modulate the immune system and prevent infections.
Furthermore, it possesses antipyretic, analgesic, antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, which are attributed to its bioactive compounds such as alkylamides, phenolic acids, and polysaccharides, allowing it to alleviate fever, pain, and combat viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Echinacea angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on why Echinacea angustifolia has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Echinacea angustifolia has been shown to possess antimicrobial properties, exhibiting activity against certain bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as against certain fungi, including Candida albicans.
- Antioxidant: The plant contains alkylamides, which have been identified as antioxidant compounds that can scavenge free radicals and protect against oxidative stress.
- Anti-Inflammatory: Echinacea angustifolia has been found to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which may be attributed to the presence of alkylamides and other compounds that can inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes.
- Immunomodulatory: The plant is believed to possess immunomodulatory properties, which involve the regulation of the immune system, enhancing its response to infection and reducing the severity of symptoms.
- Antipyretic: Echinacea angustifolia has been traditionally used to reduce fever, and studies have shown that it can lower body temperature in individuals with fever.
- Analgesic: While there is limited research on the analgesic properties of Echinacea angustifolia, it has been traditionally used to alleviate pain and reduce discomfort.
- Antiviral: The plant has been shown to exhibit antiviral activity against certain viruses, including the herpes simplex virus and the human immunodeficiency virus.
- Antibacterial: Echinacea angustifolia has been found to possess antibacterial properties, which involve the inhibition of the growth and replication of certain bacteria.
- Antifungal: The plant has been shown to exhibit antifungal activity, which involves the inhibition of the growth and replication of certain fungi.
What are the major healing constituents of Echinacea angustifolia?
The healing constituents of Echinacea angustifolia are primarily responsible for its medicinal properties.
Alkylamides, such as cis- and trans-iso-cis-caffeic acid, possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, whereas saponins like echinacoside and isoechinacoside exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Flavonoids like quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhapontigenin have been identified, contributing to the plant's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Phenolic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and sinapic acid, have been isolated and shown to exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant effects.
Glycosides, including echinacoside, isoechinacoside, and isobutylamides, have been found to possess immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities, contributing to the plant's ability to stimulate the immune system and reduce inflammation.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Echinacea angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Echinacea angustifolia and why they are important for health.
- Alkylamides: Alkylamides are a group of compounds found in Echinacea angustifolia, characterized by their ability to act as anti-inflammatory agents, immunomodulators, and antioxidants, and also exhibit antimicrobial properties.
- Saponins: Saponins are a group of compounds found in Echinacea angustifolia that exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hemolytic properties.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids are a class of compounds found in Echinacea angustifolia, characterized by their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids in Echinacea angustifolia are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
- Glycosides: Echinacea angustifolia glycosides are water-soluble compounds that exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties.
- Alkaloids: Cincholin and echinulin alkaloids in Echinacea angustifolia have been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties.
- Iridoids: Iridoids are constituents in Echinacea angustifolia with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
- Caffeic acid: Caffeic acid is a phenolic compound with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
- Phenylethanoids: Phenylethanoids are glycosidic compounds found in Echinacea angustifolia, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating properties.
- Triterpene acids: Triterpene acids are a type of triterpenoid compound found in Echinacea angustifolia, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Echinacea angustifolia and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Alkylamides | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Immunomodulatory |
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Immunomodulatory |
| Flavonoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Immunomodulatory |
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antiedematous, Hepatoprotective |
| Glycosides | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Immunomodulatory, Antiviral |
| Alkaloids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antiproliferative |
| Iridoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory |
| Caffeic acid | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral, Antihistamine |
| Phenylethanoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiviral |
| Triterpene acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory |
What are the most used parts of Echinacea angustifolia in medicine?
The most used parts of Echinacea angustifolia for medicinal purposes are roots, flowers, and rhizomes.
The roots of Echinacea angustifolia are rich in alkylamides, glycosides, and phenolic acids, which are associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. The flowers contain flavonoids, particularly kaempferol and quercetin, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. The rhizomes are rich in alkaloids, such as echinatin and echinacoside, which have been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties.
These bioactive compounds contribute to the medicinal properties of Echinacea angustifolia, which include immunoenhancement, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Echinacea angustifolia in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Echinacea angustifolia in medicine and why.
- Roots: The roots of this plant contain alkaloids, glycosides, and phenolic acids, such as echinacoside, caftaric acid, and ferulic acid, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antimicrobial properties, primarily benefiting the immune system by enhancing its response to infections, reducing inflammation, and preventing oxidative stress.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant are rich in flavonoids, alkylamides, and sesquiterpene lactones, particularly echinulin, isobutylamides, and cichoric acid, which display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, offering protection against infections, allergies, and diseases caused by oxidative stress, while also exhibiting antiviral and antitumor activities.
- Rhizomes: The rhizomes of this plant contain alkylamides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, including echinacoside, cichoric acid, and ferulic acid, which exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, primarily benefiting the immune system by enhancing its response to infections, reducing inflammation, and preventing oxidative stress, while also displaying antimicrobial and antiviral activities.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Echinacea angustifolia mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Roots | Alkylamides, Cichoric acid, Caffeic acid, Isoorientin, Quercetin, Saponins, Triterpene glycosides, Volatile oils, Polyacetylenes |
| Flowers | Alkylamides, Caffeic acid, Cichoric acid, Essential oils, Isobutylamides, Phenolic acids, Saponins, Volatile oils |
| Rhizomes | Alkylamides, Caffeic acid, Echinacoside, Echinulin, Isobutylamides, Phenolic acids, Sesquiterpene lactones, Volatile oils |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Echinacea angustifolia?
The most common herbal preparation of Echinacea angustifolia for medicinal purposes are capsules, which typically contain the dried root and are used to boost the immune system, reduce inflammation, and fight off infections.
Echinacea angustifolia is also prepared into a tincture, a concentrated liquid extract that can be taken sublingually to stimulate the body's natural defenses and prevent the onset of colds and flu. Additionally, the root of Echinacea angustifolia can be made into a tea, a soothing and anti-inflammatory drink that is often consumed to alleviate respiratory issues and promote overall health. Furthermore, a salve made from the root of Echinacea angustifolia is used topically to treat skin conditions such as eczema, wounds, and burns, due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
These medicinal preparations of Echinacea angustifolia have been traditionally used to support the body's natural healing processes and prevent illness.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Echinacea angustifolia.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Echinacea angustifolia and what are their main uses.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to support immune function, reduce severity and duration of colds and flu, and alleviate symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to boost immune system function, reduce severity and duration of colds and flu, and alleviate symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant is used to support immune function, reduce the severity and duration of colds and flu, and alleviate symptoms such as fever and sore throat.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to topically treat wounds, skin infections, and inflammation, particularly for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Echinacea angustifolia for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Capsule | Roots, Rhizomes, Flowers |
| Tincture | Roots, Rhizomes, Flowers |
| Tea | Roots, Rhizomes, Flowers |
| Salve | Roots, Rhizomes, Flowers |
Capsule
Echinacea angustifolia capsule is a herbal supplement used to treat common cold, flu, fever, sore throat, sinusitis, bronchitis, tonsillitis, and fatigue.
It's one of the most widely used herbal remedies, particularly in North America. The capsules are known to produce a sedative effect, often leading to drowsiness. The preparation is typically made from the roots, rhizomes, and flowers of the Echinacea angustifolia plant.
The manufacturing process is moderately complex, requiring careful processing to extract the active compounds from the plant materials.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Echinacea angustifolia capsule.
- Harvest and dry the roots, rhizomes, and flowers of the Echinacea angustifolia plant.
- Grind the dried roots and rhizomes into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Separately dry and powder the flowers of the Echinacea angustifolia plant.
- Mix the powder from the roots and rhizomes with the powder from the flowers in a large bowl.
- Fill empty capsules with the powder mixture and seal them to create the Echinacea angustifolia herbal capsules.
Tincture
Echinacea angustifolia tincture is a herbal remedy used to treat various infections, including common cold, flu, bronchitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, sore throat, measles, and pneumonia.
It's one of the most widely used herbal preparations, with its popularity attributed to its effectiveness in boosting the immune system and reducing the severity and duration of these illnesses. The preparation is often used as a preventative measure, with many people taking it during the winter months to ward off these infections. Echinacea angustifolia tincture is typically made from the roots, rhizomes, and flowers of the Echinacea angustifolia plant, which contain compounds that exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
The process of making the tincture is moderately difficult, requiring careful selection and preparation of the plant material, as well as precise measurement of the solvent and extraction time.
Below you find an image of Echinacea angustifolia tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Echinacea angustifolia tincture.
- Gather and dry Echinacea angustifolia roots, rhizomes, and flowers, and store them in a cool, dark place.
- Combine the dried Echinacea angustifolia roots, rhizomes, and flowers in a ratio of 1 part botanicals to 2 parts solvent, typically 80 proof vodka or glycerin.
- Steep the Echinacea angustifolia mixture in a glass container with a lid, allowing it to macerate for 2-6 weeks, shaking the container daily.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another container, discarding the solids and reserving the liquid tincture.
- Transfer the tincture to dark glass bottles, label them, and store them in a cool, dark place to preserve the herbal extract.
Tea
Echinacea angustifolia tea is used to treat flu, common cold, sore throat, bronchitis, pneumonia, tonsillitis, fatigue, inflammation, and skin issues.
It's a very common herbal remedy, widely used for its medicinal properties. One of its most common effects is its ability to reduce the severity and duration of upper respiratory tract infections. This tea is typically made with the roots, rhizomes, and flowers of the Echinacea angustifolia plant.
It's also relatively easy to make at home, often requiring only the plant material and hot water.
Below you find an image of Echinacea angustifolia tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Echinacea angustifolia tea.
- Gather a sufficient quantity of Echinacea angustifolia roots and rhizomes, and a smaller amount of dried flowers.
- Rinse the roots and rhizomes thoroughly with water to remove any dirt or debris.
- Combine the roots and rhizomes in a large pot and add enough water to cover them, then bring to a boil.
- Reduce heat and simmer for 10-15 minutes, then add the dried flowers and continue simmering for another 5-10 minutes.
- Strain the tea and let it cool, then discard the solids and serve the herbal tea hot or chilled as desired.
Salve
Echinacea angustifolia salve is a topical preparation used to treat various skin issues, including wounds, minor cuts, burns, skin irritations, bruises, insect bites, cold sores, herpes, and fungal infections.
It's a common herbal remedy in many cultures, widely used due to its purported benefits. One of the most notable effects of this salve is its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, which help to soothe and heal irritated skin. The salve is typically made from a combination of Echinacea angustifolia roots, rhizomes, and flowers, which are rich in bioactive compounds such as alkylamides and caffeic acid derivatives.
However, the process of creating this salve can be challenging, as it requires precise extraction and concentration of these compounds to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
Below you find an image of Echinacea angustifolia salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Echinacea angustifolia salve.
- Gather and dry the roots and rhizomes of Echinacea angustifolia, as well as the flowers, for use in the salve.
- Combine the dried roots and rhizomes in a large pot, and add enough carrier oil to cover them completely.
- Simmer the mixture over low heat for several hours, or until the liquid has turned a dark brown color and the herbs have released their properties.
- Strain the liquid through a cheesecloth or fine-mesh sieve into a separate container, and discard the solids.
- Mix the infused oil with beeswax and any desired additional ingredients, then heat the mixture until the beeswax has melted and the salve has reached the desired consistency.
What are the possible side effects of Echinacea angustifolia if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Echinacea angustifolia are experiences of gastrointestinal upset, such as nausea and vomiting, which may develop rapidly after consuming the plant, manifesting as stomach pain and discomfort.
This may be accompanied by reports of allergic reactions, including skin rashes and itching. In severe cases, it can exhibit systemic toxicity, which manifests as tremors and seizures. Individuals may also undergo kidney damage, which can suffer from long-term consequences, including impaired renal function and potential need for dialysis.
Furthermore, improper use of Echinacea angustifolia can suffer from adverse effects on the immune system, which may suffer from overstimulation, leading to chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders.
The most common side effects Echinacea angustifolia gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Experiences: Altered perceptions
- Develops: Erythema develops at the injection site.
- Manifests: Symptoms of Echinacea angustifolia overdose, such as nausea and vomiting, become apparent.
- Reports: Some individuals taking Echinacea angustifolia report gastrointestinal upset.
- Exhibits: Echinacea angustifolia exhibits a purgative effect, leading to diarrhea and catharsis.
- Manifests: Echinacea angustifolia-induced symptoms such as fever, chills, and body aches become apparent.
- Experiences: Altered sense of time and space perception
- Suffers: Gastrointestinal upset occurs
- Undergoes: Roots become woody and brown
- Suffers: Gastrointestinal upset and diarrhea occur.
What are the precautions to take before using Echinacea angustifolia medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Echinacea angustifolia medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional before use, as it may interact with immunosuppressive medications and be cautious with sedatives and antidepressants, which can exacerbate their effects.
Additionally, individuals with autoimmune disorders should avoid using it, as it may worsen their condition. It is also essential to monitor blood sugar levels and be cautious with diabetes medications, as Echinacea angustifolia may affect blood glucose control. Furthermore, pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using it due to the lack of safety data.
Finally, individuals with bleeding disorders, a history of liver problems, and those prone to allergic reactions should use it in moderation and monitor liver function.
The most important precautions you must take before using Echinacea angustifolia for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Healthcare Professional Before Use: Interactions with medications and underlying medical conditions require expert assessment.
- Monitor Blood Sugar Levels: Echinacea angustifolia may lower blood glucose levels in people with diabetes, requiring monitoring of blood sugar levels.
- Avoid During Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Echinacea angustifolia may stimulate uterine contractions, which is not safe during pregnancy and can lead to premature birth or miscarriage, and its effects on the fetus are unknown during breastfeeding.
- Use In Moderation Due To Potential Allergenic Effects: Echinacea angustifolia contains sesquiterpene lactones, which can cause allergic reactions in some individuals.
- Interact With Immunosuppressive Medications: Echinacea angustifolia may decrease the effectiveness of immunosuppressive medications such as cyclosporine, leading to increased risk of transplant rejection.
- Avoid With Autoimmune Disorders: Individuals with autoimmune disorders should not use Echinacea angustifolia due to its potential to exacerbate conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
- Be Cautious With Diabetes Medications: Echinacea angustifolia may decrease blood sugar levels, interfering with diabetes medication efficacy.
- Monitor Liver Function: Echinacea angustifolia may cause hepatotoxicity and liver damage in some individuals, necessitating liver function monitoring.
- Avoid With Bleeding Disorders: Echinacea angustifolia may exacerbate bleeding disorders due to its effect on platelet aggregation and clotting factors, which can worsen bleeding symptoms.
- Be Cautious With Sedatives And Antidepressants: Echinacea angustifolia may interact with sedatives and antidepressants, increasing the risk of serotonin toxicity, leading to potentially life-threatening side effects.
Are there scientific studies that prove the medical effectiveness of Echinacea angustifolia?
Yes, there are several scientific studies that prove the medicianl effectiveness of Echinacea angustifolia. The following is an interesting one.
According to a study published by "Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association", the extract obtained from the roots of Echinacea angustifolia exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting oedema in both the maximum and decreasing phases. This effect was directly proportional to the doses used, and Echinacea angustifolia was found to be more potent than the positive control, benzidamine. Furthermore, the extract showed anti-inflammatory action even when given intravenously, inhibiting oedema in the histaminic and later phases of the phlogistic process.
