What to know about Dorstenia contrajerva (contrajerva) before using it medicinally

Dorstenia contrajerva, commonly known as contrajerva, is a medicinal herb that has been widely used to improve overall health by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, which help to boost the immune system, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and alleviate symptoms of various health conditions.

Cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, this herb is known for its fast growth rate, adaptability to different environments, and relatively low maintenance requirements. From a botanical perspective, Dorstenia contrajerva belongs to the Urticaceae family and is characterized by its unique leaf structure and distinctive morphology.

In traditional medicine, this herb has been referenced in various ancient civilizations, including the Ayurvedic and Unani systems, where it was valued for its healing properties and used to treat a range of health issues.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Dorstenia contrajerva .

What are the medicinal properties of Dorstenia contrajerva ?

Dorstenia contrajerva helps with the treatment of various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. Its medicinal properties also make it effective in reducing inflammation and pain. The plant is also used to treat various eye and ear disorders.

The active constituents responsible for its medicinal properties include flavonoids, terpenes, and alkaloids, which have been identified to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antispasmodic properties. These compounds have been isolated and characterized through various scientific studies.

The most commonly used parts of the plant for medicinal purposes are the roots and leaves, which are rich in bioactive compounds. The roots are used to treat fever and rheumatism, while the leaves are used to treat eye and ear disorders.

When used improperly, contrajerva can cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea. The plant's high alkaloid content can also cause allergic reactions in some individuals.

Precautions when using contrajerva medicinally include proper identification of the plant, as some species can be toxic. Prolonged use of the plant can also lead to habituation and dependency. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using the plant due to lack of safety data.

What are the horticulural aspects of Dorstenia contrajerva ?

Dorstenia contrajerva grow well in partial to full shade, in moist but well-drained soils, and in temperatures between 15°C to 30°C. They prefer rich humus soils with pH between 5.5 to 7.5. Adequate moisture is essential, but they can tolerate short periods of drought.

Planting tips for Dorstenia contrajerva involve transplanting seedlings or young plants, using a balanced potting mix and gently firming the soil around the roots. Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil consistently moist during the first few weeks. Fertilize sparingly, as excessive fertilization can damage the plant.

Harvesting contrajerva involves carefully cutting the mature leaves or stems, making clean cuts just above a node, and allowing the plant to regrow from the remaining nodes. Harvest at the optimal size, usually after 6-12 months, depending on growth rate. Avoid damaging the roots or disrupting the plant's growth patterns.

Common pests affecting Dorstenia contrajerva include spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects, which can be managed using neem oil or insecticidal soap. Root rot and leaf spot diseases, caused by fungi such as Phyllosticta and Colletotrichum, can be prevented by maintaining good air circulation and ensuring the soil is consistently moist, but not waterlogged.

What are the botanical aspects of Dorstenia contrajerva ?

Dorstenia contrajerva is a perennial plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Its stems are thick and woody, often becoming woody with age, and are covered with a thin, brownish bark. The plant has a distinctive shape, with a broad, flat crown.

Dorstenia contrajerva is a member of the Euphorbiaceae family, which is part of the Malpighiales order. Its genus, Dorstenia, is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The species name, contrajerva, is derived from the plant's use in traditional medicine in South America.

Several variants of Dorstenia contrajerva are known, including Dorstenia contrajerva var. angustifolia and Dorstenia contrajerva var. brevistipulata. These variants differ mainly in their leaf shape and size, with the angustifolia variant having narrower leaves and the brevistipulata variant having shorter stipules.

Dorstenia contrajerva is native to Central and South America, including Mexico, Costa Rica, and Brazil. It is also found in the Caribbean region, including the Bahamas and Puerto Rico. The plant typically grows in tropical rainforests and cloud forests at elevations up to 2,000 meters.

The life cycle of Dorstenia contrajerva is characteristic of a perennial plant. It produces small, greenish flowers in terminal panicles, which are followed by capsules containing numerous seeds. The plant typically flowers and fruits between June and October, although this can vary depending on the location and climate.

What are the historical aspects of Dorstenia contrajerva ?

Dorstenia contrajerva is a plant with a long history of traditional medicine use. In ancient times, it was used to treat various ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. Its medicinal properties were highly valued in traditional African and Latin American medicine.

In mythology, contrajerva is associated with the Yoruba orisha (deity) Ogun, who is revered for his power over war, ironwork, and healing. The plant is believed to possess protective and healing properties, allowing it to be used in rituals to ward off evil spirits.

Throughout history, contrajerva has been imbued with symbolic meanings, representing protection, strength, and resilience. In some cultures, the plant is seen as a symbol of good luck and prosperity, while in others, it is associated with courage and determination.

The historical texts of contrajerva can be found in the writings of 17th-century European botanists and naturalists, who documented its medicinal properties and uses. One such text is the "Historia Plantarum Universalis" by John Ray, which provides detailed descriptions of the plant's appearance and properties.

Archaeological finds have revealed the use of contrajerva in ancient cultures, including artifacts from the Ife kingdom in Nigeria and the Moche civilization in Peru. These finds provide valuable insights into the plant's historical significance and its role in traditional medicine and spiritual practices.