Yaang daeng

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• East Indian copaiba balsam
• gurjan
• gurjun

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Dipterocarpus laevis
• Mocanera mayapis
• Dipterocarpus turbinatus var. ramipiliferus
• Dipterocarpus mayapis
• Dipterocarpus jourdainii

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. It is further classified under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Malvales. Finally, it is a member of the family Dipterocarpaceae and the genus Dipterocarpus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical distribution across several distinct regions in Asia. In East Asia, it can be found specifically within the South-Central regions of China. Its presence extends significantly into the Indian Subcontinent, where it is documented in India and Bangladesh. Furthermore, the species is located within the state of Assam. Finally, its range reaches as far south as the island nation of Sri Lanka.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Dipterocarpus turbinatus is characterized by its nature as a perennial organism, allowing it to persist in its environment over multiple growing seasons. As it undergoes its seasonal developmental cycles, the plant exhibits a deciduous growth habit, shedding its foliage in response to environmental cues or seasonal changes.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Dipterocarpus turbinatus is characterized by its substantial stature and woody structure, typically manifesting as a large tree with an average height of approximately 42.5 meters. As a self-supporting organism, it does not function as a climber or a liana, maintaining a robust, upright growth form. The plant is strictly terrestrial in its habitat, lacking any aquatic, semiaquatic, or epiphytic tendencies. Furthermore, it is an independent species that does not exhibit parasitic behavior, relying on its own woody tissues for structural integrity and development.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height mean:

42.5 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Dipterocarpus turbinatus is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. The plant's vegetative structure includes leaves that exhibit significant morphological variation, with a mean leaf length of 25 cm (ranging from a minimum of 20 cm to a maximum of 30 cm) and a mean leaf width of 10.5 cm (ranging from a minimum of 8 cm to a maximum of 13 cm). In terms of structural integrity and biomass distribution, the species possesses a stem specific density (SSD) with a mean value of 701 mg/cm³. Furthermore, this species does not function as a nitrogen fixer, meaning it relies on external soil nitrogen sources rather than symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation to meet its nutritional requirements.

Leaf length max:

30 cm

Leaf length mean:

25 cm

Leaf length min:

20 cm

Leaf width max:

13 cm

Leaf width mean:

10.5 cm

Leaf width min:

8 cm

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Stem specific density (SSD) mean:

701 mg/cm³

Reproduction

The reproduction of Dipterocarpus turbinatus is characterized by the production of seeds that exhibit significant variability in size and weight. The seed mass within a population shows a broad range, with a minimum recorded mass of 0.64935 g and a maximum mass reaching up to 5.75 g. On average, the seeds possess a mass of 3.199675 g, reflecting a diverse reproductive output that likely influences seedling establishment and survival strategies within its natural habitat.

Seed mass max:

5.75 g

Seed mass mean:

3.199675 g

Seed mass min:

0.64935 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Dipterocarpus turbinatus has 2 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, stem.

Leaf

1. Journal of natural medicines

Stem

1. Advances in experimental medicine and biology

Activities

Dipterocarpus turbinatus has 1 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Cytotoxic.

Cytotoxic

1. Journal of natural medicines

Conditions

Dipterocarpus turbinatus has 3 reported investigations on conditions identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include breast cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer.

Breast cancer

1. Journal of natural medicines

Colon cancer

1. Journal of natural medicines

Gastric cancer

1. Journal of natural medicines

Preparations

Dipterocarpus turbinatus has 3 reported preparations identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include bark and leaf, bark of Dipterocarpus turbinatus stem, whole stem.

Bark and leaf

1. Journal of natural medicines

Bark of dipterocarpus turbinatus stem

1. Advances in experimental medicine and biology

Whole stem

1. Advances in experimental medicine and biology