Karmal
Dillenia pentagyna · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (47 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Karmal, scientifically known as Dillenia pentagyra, is a magnificent tropical tree celebrated for its large, striking flowers and robust medicinal properties. Native to South Asia, it is traditionally utilized in Ayurvedic practices to treat various ailments, offering significant therapeutic potential through its unique bioactive compounds and restorative natural qualities.
- Family
- Dilleniaceae
- Native range
- Asia-Temperate
- Parts used
- Leaf
- Common names
- Hargoza
- Scientific synonyms
- Dillenia Hainanensis · Colbertia Augusta · 9 more
Names
Common Names
- Hargoza
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Dillenia pentagynaSynonyms
- Dillenia hainanensis
- Colbertia augusta
- Colbertia coromandelina
- Colbertia minor
- Dillenia minor
- Wormia augusta
- Wormia coromandelina
- Dillenia augusta
- Dillenia baillonii
- Dillenia floribunda
- Wormia pentagyna var. augusta
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. It further falls under the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Dilleniales, specifically within the family Dilleniaceae. Finally, its taxonomic placement is completed by its classification under the genus Dillenia.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Dilleniales | WCVP |
| Family | Dilleniaceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Dillenia | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant exhibits a specific geographical range that spans across parts of Asia. In China, it can be found growing in the South-Central regions as well as on Hainan island. Its distribution extends into the Indian Subcontinent, where it is documented in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the species is native to the Assam region within the same subcontinent. Finally, it can also be located throughout the East Himalaya range.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| China | China South-Central | WCVP |
| China | Hainan | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Assam | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Bangladesh | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | East Himalaya | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | India | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Nepal | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Sri Lanka | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | West Himalaya | WCVP |
| Indo-China | Andaman Is. | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, known scientifically as Dillenia pentagyna, possesses distinct botanical features, particularly in its foliage. The leaf of this species is typically characterized by its large, leathery texture and prominent venation, which are common traits within the Dilleniaceae family. These leaves play a vital role in the plant's physiological processes, facilitating photosynthesis to support its growth in tropical environments, and are often studied for their specific phytochemical properties in medicinal research.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| leaf | Journal of cellular biochemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Dillenia pentagyna has 7 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Betulin, Flavonoids, Phenols, SAPONIN, Tannin.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Betulin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Flavonoids | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Phenols | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| SAPONIN | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Tannin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Terpenoids | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| betulinic acid | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Betulin
- Dr. Duke
Flavonoids
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
Phenols
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
SAPONIN
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
Tannin
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
Terpenoids
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy
betulinic acid
- Dr. Duke
Activities
Dillenia pentagyna has 23 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Anthelmintic, AntiHIV, Antibacterial, Anticancer, Anticarcinomic.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Anthelmintic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| AntiHIV | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antibacterial | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anticancer | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anticarcinomic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiedemic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antifeedant | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiflu | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antiinflammatory | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antileukemic | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Dillenia pentagyna has 1 reported medicinal uses identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include cancers.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| cancers | Journal of cellular biochemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Ethanolic extract of leaf | Journal of cellular biochemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |