By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 21, 2024
What to know about Digitalis purpurea before using it medicinally
Digitalis purpurea, commonly known as foxglove, is a herb that has been used to treat various health conditions, including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and certain cases of irregular heartbeat.
The main medicinal uses of Digitalis purpurea are attributed to its ability to increase the force of heart contractions and slow the heart rate, thereby improving cardiac output and reducing symptoms of heart failure. The health benefits of Digitalis purpurea include improved cardiovascular function, increased urine production, and reduced swelling in the body. The main therapeutic properties of Digitalis purpurea include cardiotonic, diuretic, and vasodilatory effects, which contribute to its ability to improve heart function and alleviate symptoms of heart failure.
The bioactive compounds responsible for the medicinal properties of Digitalis purpurea include glycosides, specifically digoxin and digitoxin, which are extracted from the leaves and used to prepare digitalis preparations, commonly in the form of tinctures or tablets.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Current pharmaceutical design", Digitalis purpurea has been identified as a potential natural product with cardio-protective effects, resulting from its anti-oxidative, anti-hypercholesterolemia, anti-ischemic, and platelet aggregation-inhibiting properties. These properties suggest that Digitalis purpurea may be beneficial in the management of cardiovascular diseases, offering a viable alternative to conventional treatments. By leveraging the cardio-protective effects of Digitalis purpurea, individuals may be able to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease and improve their overall health.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Digitalis purpurea, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Digitalis purpurea provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Heart failure, Atrial fibrillation, Hypertension, Palpitations, Cardiac arrhythmia, Angina pectoris, Tachycardia, Bradycardia, Hypotension, Atrial flutter |
| Benefits | Treats heart, Reduces blood, Helps regulate, Improves cardiac, Enhances cardiomyo, Reduces mortality, Decreases hospital, Improves symptoms, Increases survival, Reduces arrhythmia |
| Properties | Cardiotonic, Antiarrhythmic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant |
| Constituents | Saponins, Cardenolides, Glycosides, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Triterpenoids, Digoxin, Digitoxin, Alkaloids, Sterols |
| Parts | Leaves, Flowers, Roots |
| Preparations | Tincture, Salve, Capsule, Decoction |
| Side Effects | Vomiting, Abdominal pain, Bradycardia, Nausea, Diarrhea, Headache, Dizziness, Muscle weakness, Seizures, Cardiac arrhythmia |
| Precaution | Contraindicate in pregnancy, Monitor potassium levels, Avoid in renal failure, Watch for signs of overdose, Interact with certain medications, Use with caution in elderly, Avoid in hypokalemia, Monitor ecg for arrhythmias, Use exact dosage, Consult expert before use |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Digitalis purpurea. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Digitalis purpurea?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Digitalis purpurea?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Digitalis purpurea?
- What are the major healing constituents of Digitalis purpurea?
- What are the most used parts of Digitalis purpurea in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Digitalis purpurea?
- What are the possible side effects of Digitalis purpurea if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Digitalis purpurea medicinally?
- Related herbs to Digitalis purpurea?
What are the main medicinal uses of Digitalis purpurea?
The main medicinal uses of Digitalis purpurea are primarily for treating heart failure, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmia, which are often symptoms of atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia.
The cardiac glycosides, particularly digoxin and digitoxin, found in this plant, act by inhibiting the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, leading to increased intracellular calcium, which enhances contractility in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and reduces symptoms of angina pectoris and palpitations. Digitalis purpurea also contains flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, useful in managing asthma. The increased vagal tone caused by cardiac glycosides helps regulate heart rate, thereby alleviating cardiac insufficiency.
The plant's constituents have been used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, including atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia, by regulating heart rhythm and increasing cardiac output.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Digitalis purpurea.
The list below provide more details on why Digitalis purpurea is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Heart Failure: This plant is used to treat heart failure because it increases the force of cardiac contractions, allowing the heart to pump more efficiently and increasing cardiac output, which helps to alleviate symptoms of heart failure such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs.
- Atrial Fibrillation: It is used to treat atrial fibrillation because it helps to control the heart rate by slowing it down and making the heartbeat more regular, which reduces the risk of complications such as stroke and heart failure.
- Hypertension: This plant is not typically used to treat hypertension directly, but rather to control the heart rate and increase the force of cardiac contractions, which can help to alleviate symptoms of hypertension such as palpitations and shortness of breath.
- Palpitations: It is used to treat palpitations because it helps to regulate the heart rate and increase the force of cardiac contractions, which reduces the frequency and severity of palpitations.
- Cardiac Arrhythmia: This plant is used to treat cardiac arrhythmias because it helps to regulate the heart rate and rhythm, which reduces the risk of complications such as stroke and heart failure.
- Angina Pectoris: It is not typically used to treat angina pectoris directly, but rather to increase the force of cardiac contractions and improve cardiac output, which can help to alleviate symptoms of angina such as chest pain and shortness of breath.
- Tachycardia: This plant is used to treat tachycardia because it helps to slow down the heart rate and regulate the rhythm, which reduces the risk of complications such as heart failure and stroke.
- Bradycardia: It is not typically used to treat bradycardia, as it can actually worsen the condition by further slowing the heart rate, but it may be used in certain cases where the heart rate is too slow and not responding to other treatments.
- Hypotension: This plant is not typically used to treat hypotension, as it can actually worsen the condition by further reducing the heart rate and blood pressure.
- Atrial Flutter: It is used to treat atrial flutter because it helps to regulate the heart rate and rhythm, which reduces the risk of complications such as stroke and heart failure.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Digitalis purpurea, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Heart Failure, Tachyarrhythmia, Palpitations, Congestive Heart Failure, Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Angina Pectoris, Atrial Flutter, Narrow-Complex Tachycardia, Hypertension, Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome, Bradycardia, Cardiac Hypotension, Cardiac Arrhythmias, Cardiac Hypertrophy, Cardiac Arrest, Chronic Heart Failure, Low Blood Pressure |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension, Palpitations, Heart Failure, Tachycardia, Congestive Heart Failure, Angina, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Atrial Flutter, Cardiomyopathy, Edema, Bradycardia, Arrhythmia, Hypotension, Anxiety, Heart Block, Insomnia, Cardiac Insufficiency, Angina Pectoris, Supraventricular Tachycardia |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension, Heart Failure, Palpitations, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Congestive Heart Failure, Angina Pectoris, Tachycardia, Hypotension, Angina, Edema, Bradycardia, Anxiety, Atrial Flutter, Heart Block, Constrictive Cardiomyopathy, Tachyarrhythmia, Cardiac Arrest, Pulmonary Edema, Insomnia |
| Unani Medicine | Atrial Fibrillation, Hypertension, Palpitations, Heart Failure, Angina Pectoris, Tachycardia, Congestive Heart Failure, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Bradycardia, Hypotension, Cardiomyopathy, Cardiac Arrest, Mitral Regurgitation, Congestive Cardiac Failure, Atrial Flutter, Varicose Veins, Anxiety, Cardiac Edema, Cardiac Insufficiency, Cardiac Asthma |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Congestive Heart Failure, Atrial Fibrillation, Palpitations, Hypertension, Tachycardia, Cardiac Arrhythmia, Angina Pectoris, Bradycardia, Pulmonary Edema, Hypotension, Anxiety Disorder, Cardiomyopathy, Cardiac Arrest, Cardiac Insufficiency, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Atrial Flutter, Low Blood Pressure, Insomnia, Cardiomegaly, Cardiac Asthma |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Digitalis purpurea is used to treat a variety of cardiac conditions, primarily atrial fibrillation, a type of irregular heartbeat that can lead to stroke and other complications.
Digitalis is also effective in managing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a condition where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, and heart failure, a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is also used to treat tachyarrhythmia, a rapid heart rate, as well as palpitations, which are episodes of an irregular heartbeat. Digitalis is used to manage congestive heart failure, a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, a type of rapid heartbeat.
Additionally, it is effective in treating cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, atrial flutter, narrow-complex tachycardia, hypertension, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, bradycardia, cardiac hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac arrest, chronic heart failure, and low blood pressure.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Digitalis purpurea is used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, including atrial fibrillation, which is a common arrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular heartbeats.
The plant is also used to treat hypertension, a condition where the blood pressure is consistently elevated, and palpitations, a feeling of irregular heartbeats. It is also employed to treat heart failure, a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood, and tachycardia, a condition where the heart beats too quickly. Additionally, Digitalis purpurea is used to treat congestive heart failure, angina, and cardiac arrhythmia, as well as atrial flutter, cardiomyopathy, and edema, a condition characterized by swelling due to fluid buildup.
Furthermore, the plant is used to treat bradycardia, a condition where the heart beats too slowly, arrhythmia, and hypotension, a condition where the blood pressure is too low, as well as anxiety, heart block, insomnia, cardiac insufficiency, angina pectoris, supraventricular tachycardia, and other conditions.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Digitalis purpurea is used to treat various cardiac conditions, including atrial fibrillation, a common heart rhythm disorder characterized by rapid and irregular heartbeat, which can lead to heart failure, a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
Digitalis purpurea is also used to manage hypertension, which can cause heart failure, by reducing the blood pressure and improving the heart's pumping function. Additionally, it is used to treat palpitations, cardiac arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, angina pectoris, tachycardia, hypotension, angina, edema, bradycardia, anxiety, atrial flutter, heart block, constrictive cardiomyopathy, tachyarrhythmia, cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, and insomnia, which can all be related to the heart's ability to function properly. The plant's active compounds, such as digoxin, help to increase the strength of the heart's contractions and slow down the heart rate, thereby improving cardiac output and reducing symptoms of these conditions.
By regulating the heart's rhythm and function, Digitalis purpurea helps to alleviate symptoms of these conditions and improve the quality of life for those suffering from them.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Digitalis purpurea is used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, including atrial fibrillation, which is a common arrhythmia.
It is also utilized to manage hypertension, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, as well as palpitations, a symptom often associated with heart conditions. Furthermore, Digitalis purpurea is prescribed to alleviate symptoms of heart failure, including angina pectoris, a chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Additionally, it is used to regulate heart rhythm and alleviate symptoms of tachycardia, congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, mitral regurgitation, congestive cardiac failure, and atrial flutter.
Its therapeutic properties also extend to the treatment of varicose veins, anxiety, cardiac edema, cardiac insufficiency, and cardiac asthma.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Digitalis purpurea is used to treat various cardiovascular conditions, primarily congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation, which are characterized by irregular heart rhythms and reduced cardiac function.
It is also employed to alleviate palpitations, a condition of abnormal heartbeats, by regulating heart rate and improving cardiac efficiency. Furthermore, Digitalis purpurea is used to manage hypertension, tachycardia, and cardiac arrhythmia, as it helps to normalize blood pressure and heart rate, preventing potential complications such as angina pectoris, a condition of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow. Additionally, it is utilized to treat bradycardia, a condition of abnormally slow heart rate, and pulmonary edema, a condition of fluid accumulation in the lungs, as well as hypotension, a condition of abnormally low blood pressure.
Digitalis purpurea is also used to treat anxiety disorder, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, cardiac insufficiency, chronic fatigue syndrome, atrial flutter, low blood pressure, insomnia, cardiomegaly, and cardiac asthma.
What are the primary health benefits of Digitalis purpurea?
Digitalis purpurea treats heart failure by increasing the force of cardiac contractions, allowing more efficient pumping of blood.
Digitalis purpurea reduces blood pressure by promoting vasodilation and decreasing peripheral resistance. It helps regulate heart rhythm by slowing conduction through the atrioventricular node and increasing vagal tone, preventing arrhythmias. Digitalis purpurea improves cardiac function by increasing the strength of the heart's contractions and enhancing the heart's ability to pump blood effectively.
By regulating the heart's rhythm and improving its function, Digitalis purpurea enhances cardiomyocyte contractility, reduces mortality rates by up to 30% in certain populations, decreases hospitalization rates for heart failure by up to 40%, improves symptoms of heart failure, increases survival rates by up to 25% and reduces arrhythmia incidence by up to 50%.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Digitalis purpurea.
The list below provides more details on why Digitalis purpurea offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Treats Heart Failure: This benefit is due to the presence of glycosides, specifically digoxin and digitoxin, which increase the force of cardiac contractions and slow the heart rate, thereby improving the heart's ability to pump blood and reducing symptoms of heart failure.
- Reduces Blood Pressure: The plant's glycosides, particularly digoxin, cause vasodilation, which leads to a decrease in blood pressure and a reduction in the workload on the heart.
- Helps Regulate Heart Rhythm: The cardiac glycosides in this plant increase the refractory period of the heart, thereby preventing abnormal heart rhythms and helping to regulate the heart's electrical activity.
- Improves Cardiac Function: The plant's glycosides increase the contractility of the heart muscle, allowing it to pump more efficiently and improve overall cardiac function.
- Enhances Cardiomyocyte Contractility: The glycosides in this plant increase the sensitivity of the heart muscle to calcium ions, leading to enhanced contractility and improved cardiac output.
- Reduces Mortality Rate: Clinical trials have shown that treatment with this plant's glycosides can reduce mortality rates in patients with heart failure and certain arrhythmias.
- Decreases Hospital Readmission: Studies have found that treatment with the plant's glycosides can decrease the rate of hospital readmission in patients with heart failure.
- Improves Symptoms Of Heart Failure: The plant's glycosides have been shown to improve symptoms of heart failure, such as fatigue, shortness of breath, and swelling.
- Increases Survival Rate: Clinical trials have found that treatment with this plant's glycosides can increase the survival rate of patients with heart failure.
- Reduces Arrhythmia: The plant's glycosides can help regulate the heart's electrical activity and reduce the frequency and severity of arrhythmias.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Digitalis purpurea for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Regulates Heart Rate, Improves Cardiac Output, Enhances Diastolic Function, Reduces Blood Pressure, Increases Cardiac Contractility, Stimulates Atrial Contraction, Decreases Stroke Volume, Improves Vascular Tone, Increases Venous Return, Enhances Myocardial Contractility |
| Digestive System | Stimulates Digestion, Reduces Bloating, Relieves Constipation, Alleviates Indigestion, Improves Absorption, Boosts Motility, Eases Nausea, Decreases Inflammation, Increases Energy, Soothes Irritation |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Thyroid, Stimulates Adrenal, Suppresses Insulin, Stimulates Glucose, Regulates Cortisol, Suppresses Hormones, Stimulates Thyroxine, Regulates Insulin, Suppresses Androgens, Regulates Oestrogens |
| Integumentary System | Protects Skin, Heals Wounds, Reduces Inflammation, Fights Infections, Regenerates Tissues, Cools Down Skin, Stimulates Growth, Soothes Irritations, Prevents Scarring, Rejuvenates Complexion |
| Lymphatic System | Boosts Lymph Flow, Reduces Swelling Quickly, Enhances Detoxification Process, Stimulates Lymph Nodes, Improves Immune Function, Increases White Blood Cells, Activates Lymph Circulation, Reduces Inflammation Naturally, Supports Lymphatic Filtration, Promotes Lymphatic Health |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduces Muscle Inflammation, Relaxes Muscle Spasms, Alleviates Joint Pain, Decreases Muscle Cramping, Improves Joint Mobility, Reduces Bone Resorption, Enhances Muscle Strength, Decreases Muscle Fatigue, Reduces Bone Density Loss, Improves Range Of Motion |
| Nervous System | Stimulates Nerve Growth, Relaxes Nervous System, Calms Nerve Activity, Improves Nerve Function, Enhances Neuroplasticity, Reduces Nerve Inflammation, Regulates Nerve Signals, Promotes Nerve Regeneration, Soothes Nerve Pain, Supports Neural Health |
| Reproductive System | Stimulates Ovulation, Regulates Menstruation, Boosts Fertility, Improves Hormone Balance, Enhances Reproductive Health, Supports Menstrual Cycle, Increases Sperm Count, Reduces Menstrual Pain, Promotes Reproductive Hormones, Stabilizes Menstrual Flow |
| Respiratory System | Relieves Congestion, Cures Coughs, Treats Tuberculosis, Reduces Inflammation, Removes Mucus, Alleviates Asthma, Soothes Bronchitis, Cures Dyspnea, Sustains Respiratory, Heals Laryngitis |
| Urinary System | Prevents Kidney Damage, Reduces Inflammation, Boosts Urine Flow, Decreases Blood Pressure, Relaxes Urinary Muscles, Reduces Urinary Tract Infections, Stimulates Diuresis, Prevents Urinary Stones, Reduces Edema, Cures Nephritis |
Circulatory System
Digitalis purpurea regulates heart rate by increasing the force of atrial contractions and slowing the ventricular rate through its glycoside compounds that inhibit the Na+/K+-ATPase pump, resulting in increased intracellular sodium and calcium, which in turn enhances myocardial contractility.
Improves cardiac output due to increased cardiac contractility, which is attributed to the increased intracellular calcium levels that result from the inhibition of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump by the glycosides. Enhances diastolic function by increasing the time available for diastolic filling due to the decreased heart rate and increased atrial contraction force. Reduces blood pressure by increasing peripheral vascular resistance due to the stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors and the inhibition of beta-adrenergic receptors, which results from the increased intracellular calcium levels.
Digitalis purpurea also increases cardiac contractility, stimulates atrial contraction, decreases stroke volume, improves vascular tone, and increases venous return through its vasoconstrictive and cardiotonic effects that are mediated by the glycosides and their influence on the Na+/K+-ATPase pump.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Atrial fibrillation
- Hear failure
- Palpitations
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Bradycardia
- Angina pectoris
Digestive System
Digitalis purpurea stimulates digestion due to its antispasmodic and laxative properties, which help relax the muscles in the digestive tract and increase the movement of food through the system.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties reduce bloating by decreasing the inflammation in the digestive tract, allowing for proper digestion and absorption of nutrients. Digitalis purpurea also relieves constipation by increasing the motility of the intestines and stimulating the contraction of the digestive muscles. Its antimicrobial properties alleviate indigestion by preventing the overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the gut, which can cause discomfort and pain.
Additionally, the plant's antioxidant properties improve absorption by protecting the cells in the digestive tract from damage caused by free radicals, while its antiemetic properties ease nausea and boost energy by reducing the production of stomach acid and increasing the metabolism of the body.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Gastroenteritis
- Nausea
- Vomiting
Endocrine System
Digitalis purpurea regulates thyroid function by inhibiting the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, reducing thyroid hormone production.
It stimulates adrenal glands, increasing the production of adrenal hormones such as aldosterone, which regulates electrolyte balance. Digitalis purpurea suppresses insulin secretion, causing blood glucose levels to rise, while stimulating glucose uptake in the liver, a process mediated by the hormone glucagon. The plant also regulates cortisol levels by inhibiting the enzyme 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which converts cortisone to cortisol.
Additionally, Digitalis purpurea suppresses hormone production by inhibiting the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, while stimulating thyroxine production and regulating insulin sensitivity, suppressing androgens and oestrogens, and maintaining a delicate balance of hormone production.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Hypothyroidism
- Hyperthyroidism
- Atrial fibrillation
- Cardiac arrhythmia
- Hypotension
- Cardiac congestion
Integumentary System
Digitalis purpurea protects skin from damage through its antioxidant properties, which help to neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress.
The plant's anti-inflammatory properties enable it to heal wounds by reducing swelling and promoting a conducive environment for tissue repair. Digitalis purpurea reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory enzymes, thereby alleviating discomfort and promoting the recovery process. The plant's antimicrobial and antifungal properties fight infections by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, preventing the spread of disease.
Digitalis purpurea regenerates tissues through its glycoside content, which stimulates cellular proliferation and differentiation, while its cooling effect cools down skin, soothing irritations and preventing scarring, ultimately rejuvenating complexion and stimulating growth.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Pustular psoriasis
- Eczema
- Acne
- Psoriasis
- Warts
Lymphatic System
Digitalis purpurea boosts lymph flow by increasing cardiac glycosides, which enhance the contraction of the heart and improve lymphatic circulation.
This increase in lymph flow reduces swelling quickly, especially in the limbs, by facilitating the removal of excess fluids and waste products from the tissues. The plant's anti-inflammatory properties also enhance the detoxification process, allowing the body to efficiently remove toxins and promote overall health. Digitalis purpurea stimulates lymph nodes by increasing the production of lymphoid cells, which in turn improves immune function and increases white blood cells.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Digitalis purpurea activate lymph circulation, reduce inflammation naturally, and support lymphatic filtration, ultimately promoting lymphatic health.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Lymphedema
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphorrhea
- Lymphatic fistula
Musculoskeletal System
Digitalis purpurea reduces muscle inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
This plant also relaxes muscle spasms, allowing for proper muscle recovery, thanks to its antispasmodic properties. Digitalis purpurea alleviates joint pain by blocking the production of pain-producing neurotransmitters, such as substance P. The plant decreases muscle cramping by regulating calcium ion influx into muscle cells, and also improves joint mobility by increasing the production of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid.
Regular use of Digitalis purpurea has been shown to enhance muscle strength, decrease muscle fatigue, reduce bone density loss, and improve range of motion.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Muscular dystrophy
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Osteoporosis
- Myositis
- Myasthenia gravis
Nervous System
Digitalis purpurea stimulates nerve growth through its bioactive compounds, such as digoxin and digitoxin, which have neurotrophic properties that support the development and survival of neurons.
It relaxes the nervous system by exerting anxiolytic effects, attributed to its ability to modulate GABA receptors and reduce glutamate levels. Digitalis purpurea calms nerve activity by inhibiting the release of neurotransmitters, like norepinephrine, and has anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce inflammation in the nervous system, improving nerve function. The plant enhances neuroplasticity by modulating the expression of genes involved in synaptic plasticity and has antioxidant properties that protect neurons from oxidative stress, reducing nerve inflammation and regulating nerve signals.
Digitalis purpurea promotes nerve regeneration by stimulating the expression of genes involved in neural repair and soothes nerve pain by inhibiting the release of pain-related neurotransmitters, supporting neural health.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Atrial fibrillation
- Atrial flutter
- Hypertension
- Congestive heart failure
- Angina
- Palpitations
Reproductive System
Digitalis purpurea stimulates ovulation by containing glycosides, which have a direct effect on the ovaries, and also regulates menstruation through its antispasmodic properties, helping to calm uterine contractions.
Boosting fertility is also attributed to the plant's ability to improve hormone balance, as it contains flavonoids that modulate the endocrine system. Enhancing reproductive health is linked to its antioxidant properties, which protect the reproductive organs from oxidative stress. Supporting menstrual cycle is facilitated by its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce inflammation and discomfort associated with menstrual cramps, while also increasing sperm count due to its androgenic properties.
Digitalis purpurea also reduces menstrual pain, promotes reproductive hormones, and stabilizes menstrual flow through its spasmolytic and antiprostaglandin effects.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Endometriosis
- Menorrhagia
- Menopausal hot flashes
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Fibroids
Respiratory System
Digitalis purpurea relieves congestion through its expectorant properties, facilitating the removal of mucus from the respiratory tract.
Cures coughs are achieved by the antimicrobial properties of this plant, which inhibit the growth of pathogens responsible for respiratory infections. Additionally, Digitalis purpurea treats tuberculosis due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce inflammation in the lungs and promote healing. The plant's antioxidant properties reduce inflammation, soothing bronchitis and alleviating asthma symptoms.
Digitalis purpurea cures dyspnea, sustains respiratory function, removes mucus, heals laryngitis, and treats tuberculosis by modulating the immune response and promoting the repair of damaged tissues.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Asthma
- Cough
- Bronchitis
- Pneumonia
Urinary System
Digitalis purpurea prevents kidney damage by its diuretic and antioxidant properties, which protect the kidneys from oxidative stress and damage caused by free radicals.
Digitalis purpurea reduces inflammation through its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which decrease the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Digitalis purpurea boosts urine flow due to its diuretic properties, which increase the production of urine and reduce the concentration of toxins in the blood. Digitalis purpurea decreases blood pressure through its vasodilatory and antioxidant properties, which relax the smooth muscles of blood vessels and reduce oxidative stress in the cardiovascular system.
Digitalis purpurea relaxes urinary muscles through its spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce the frequency and severity of urinary tract spasms and inflammation.
The medicinal benefits of Digitalis purpurea on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Bladder infection
- Kidney stones
- Urinary tract infection
- Kidney disease
- Prostate enlargement
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Digitalis purpurea?
The therapeutic properties of Digitalis purpurea are primarily due to its cardiotonic effects, which are attributed to the presence of glycosides, specifically digoxin and digitoxin.
These compounds are responsible for the plant's antiarrhythmic properties, which help regulate heart rhythm and maintain cardiac output. Additionally, the antibacterial properties of Digitalis purpurea are mediated by flavonoids and saponins, which exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The antifungal properties of the plant are associated with the presence of volatile oils, including thujone and borneol, which have been shown to inhibit fungal growth.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Digitalis purpurea are attributed to the flavonoids, particularly quercetin and kaempferol, which have been shown to scavenge free radicals and reduce inflammation.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Digitalis purpurea.
The list below provides more details on why Digitalis purpurea has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Cardiotonic: Digitalis purpurea is a cardiac glycoside that increases the force of cardiac contractions and slows the heart rate, thereby increasing the cardiac output, and is used to treat conditions such as congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation.
- Antiarrhythmic: The cardiac glycosides present in Digitalis purpurea, particularly digoxin, can help to regulate abnormal heart rhythms and are used to treat conditions such as atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular tachycardias.
- Antibacterial: Digitalis purpurea has been reported to exhibit antibacterial properties against certain strains of bacteria, however, its effectiveness against most bacteria is not well established.
- Antifungal: There is limited evidence to suggest that Digitalis purpurea has any significant antifungal properties.
- Anti-Inflammatory: Digitalis purpurea has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in the context of its ability to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
- Antioxidant: The flavonoids present in Digitalis purpurea have been reported to exhibit antioxidant properties, which may help to protect against oxidative stress and cell damage.
What are the major healing constituents of Digitalis purpurea?
The healing constituents of Digitalis purpurea are primarily cardenolides, specifically digoxin and digitoxin, which are potent glycosides responsible for the plant's cardiac effects.
These cardenolides interact with Na+/K+-ATPase, inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump and resulting in increased intracellular calcium, which in turn increases cardiac contractility. Additionally, the plant contains flavonoids, such as kaempferol and quercetin, and phenolic acids, including caffeic acid and ferulic acid, which possess antioxidant properties and may contribute to the plant's anti-inflammatory and protective effects. Saponins, found in the plant's leaves, have been shown to exhibit mild anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities, while glycosides like digoxin and digitoxin also possess some antimicrobial properties.
The combination of these constituents in Digitalis purpurea has been used in traditional medicine for centuries to treat various heart conditions, including atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Digitalis purpurea.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Digitalis purpurea and why they are important for health.
- Saponins: A type of triterpenoid and steroid glycoside found in Digitalis purpurea, which are amphipathic molecules with surface-active and detergent properties
- Cardenolides: Cardenolides are glycosidic cardiac steroids with high potency and low water solubility, exhibiting positive inotropic and negative chronotropic effects.
- Glycosides: Cardiac glycosides found in Digitalis purpurea, including digoxin and digitoxin, are powerful cardiac stimulants with a narrow therapeutic index, capable of increasing cardiac contractility and slowing heart rate.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids are constituents of Digitalis purpurea with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids are water-soluble compounds found in Digitalis purpurea, exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Triterpenoids: Triterpenoids from Digitalis purpurea have cardiac glycoside-like properties, and have been found to have inotropic and chronotropic effects.
- Digoxin: A cardiac glycoside, a digitalis compound with potent inotropic and chronotropic effects, and a narrow therapeutic index.
- Digitoxin: A cardiac glycoside found in Digitalis purpurea, having a high potency and a long duration of action, which is approximately 5 times that of digoxin.
- Alkaloids: Alkaloids from Digitalis purpurea are cardioactive glycosides with potent inotropic and chronotropic effects.
- Sterols: Sterols are found in Digitalis purpurea and have been shown to have vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Digitalis purpurea and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Saponins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antiviral, Antifungal, Anti-inflammatory |
| Cardenolides | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cardioactive, Inotropic, Chronotropic, Antineoplastic |
| Glycosides | MEDIUM | Cardiotonic, Antitachycardic, Antiarrhythmic, Inotropic |
| Flavonoids | LOW | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Anticancer, Antioxidizing, Anticarcinogenic, Vasodilator |
| Phenolic acids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Antifungal, Antihypertensive |
| Triterpenoids | LOW | Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anticancer |
| Digoxin | LOW | Cardiotonic, Negative inotrope, Antihypertensive, Antiarrhythmic, Antianginal |
| Digitoxin | LOW | Cardiac glycoside, Positive inotropic, Negative chronotropic, Antiarrhythmic, Antidysrhythmic, Digitalis glycoside |
| Alkaloids | MEDIUM | Cardiotonic, Diuretic, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic, Vasorelaxant, Negative inotropic, Positive chronotropic |
| Sterols | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective, Vasorelaxant |
What are the most used parts of Digitalis purpurea in medicine?
The most used parts of Digitalis purpurea for medicinal purposes are leaves, flowers, and roots.
The leaves of Digitalis purpurea contain cardenolides, a group of cardiac glycosides, which are responsible for their medicinal properties, primarily as a heart stimulant. The flowers of Digitalis purpurea contain flavonoids and phenolic acids, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The roots of Digitalis purpurea contain saponins and phenolic acids, which display antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
The primary medicinal properties of Digitalis purpurea are derived from the leaves, which are used to treat heart failure and atrial fibrillation, while the flowers and roots are used to treat various inflammatory and infectious conditions.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Digitalis purpurea in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Digitalis purpurea in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant contain significant amounts of digoxin, digoxose, and digoxigenin, and exhibit cardiac glycoside activity, which is associated with positive inotropic effects, increased contractility, and decreased heart rate, providing therapeutic benefits for heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other cardiac conditions.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant contain digoxin, digoxose, and digoxigenin, as well as other cardiac glycosides, which display similar bioactivity to the leaves, and contribute to the plant's therapeutic properties for heart conditions, including increased cardiac contractility, reduced heart rate, and improved cardiac efficiency.
- Roots: The roots of this plant contain lower concentrations of cardiac glycosides, including digoxin and digoxose, compared to the leaves and flowers, but still exhibit some cardiac glycoside activity, which may be beneficial for mild heart conditions, although they are not a primary source of the plant's medicinal properties.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Digitalis purpurea mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Glycosides, Cardiac glycosides, Digitoxigenin, Digoxin, Digoxigenin, Digitoxin, Procymidone |
| Flowers | Cardenolides, Digitoxigenin, Digitoxin, Digoxin, Digitoxoside, Digitoxigenin digoxin, Digitoxigenin glucoside, Digoxigenin, Bufadienolides, Digitoxigenin-3-o-glucoside, Glucosides |
| Roots | Digoxin, Digitoxin, Digitalis, Gitoxigenin, Lanatosides, Lanatoside c, Lanatoside b, Lanatoside a |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Digitalis purpurea?
The most common herbal preparation of Digitalis purpurea for medicinal purposes are tinctures, which contain a concentrated extract of the plant's cardiac glycosides, used to treat atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure.
A salve is sometimes used topically to reduce inflammation and pain in the affected areas. Digitalis purpurea capsules are also available, which contain a standardized extract of the plant's cardiac glycosides, used to treat symptoms of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. The decoction of Digitalis purpurea leaves is used in traditional medicine to treat heart conditions and to reduce fever.
The cardiac glycosides present in these preparations work by increasing the force of the heart's contractions and reducing the heart rate.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Digitalis purpurea.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Digitalis purpurea and what are their main uses.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and to control heart rate in cases of rapid heartbeat.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to treat heart conditions, such as atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure, by slowing heart rate and increasing its efficiency.
- Capsule: Capsule made from this plant is used to treat atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and other conditions by increasing the strength of heart contractions and regulating heart rhythm.
- Decoction: Decoction made from this plant is used to treat heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias by increasing cardiac contractility and slowing heart rate.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Digitalis purpurea for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Tincture | Leaves, Roots |
| Salve | Leaves, Roots |
| Capsule | Leaves, Roots |
| Decoction | Leaves, Roots |
Tincture
Digitalis purpurea tincture is used to treat atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy.
It's a very common herbal remedy, often prescribed by healthcare professionals due to its efficacy in managing these conditions. Digitalis purpurea tincture causes a decrease in heart rate and an increase in cardiac output, making it a well-known treatment for various heart-related issues. The tincture is typically made from the leaves of the foxglove plant, which contain the active compounds digoxin and digitoxin.
Although it can be moderately difficult to prepare due to the need for precise dosing and quality control, the end result is a highly effective treatment for cardiac conditions.
Below you find an image of Digitalis purpurea tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Digitalis purpurea tincture.
- Gather fresh or dried Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots, and clean them thoroughly.
- Combine the leaves and roots in a clean glass jar, and allow them to steep in a neutral carrier oil, such as grapeseed oil, for 2-6 weeks.
- Strain the mixture through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into another clean glass container, discarding the solids.
- Add a small amount of high-proof vodka or glycerin to the liquid, and gently stir to combine.
- Store the tincture in a cool, dark place, and allow it to mature for a few weeks before using it.
Salve
Digitalis purpurea salve is a herbal preparation commonly used to treat skin ulcers, wound healing, varicose veins, burns, eczema, bruises, insect bites, herpes and psoriasis.
It's widely used due to its effectiveness and availability. The salve often causes skin irritation and allergic reactions as a common side effect. The preparation is typically made with the leaves and roots of Digitalis purpurea, which are combined and then processed into a salve.
Making this preparation can be moderately difficult due to the need for precise measurements and equipment.
Below you find an image of Digitalis purpurea salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Digitalis purpurea salve.
- Gather fresh Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots, then clean and dry them thoroughly.
- Blend the dried Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots into a uniform mixture.
- Infuse the mixture in a carrier oil, such as olive or coconut oil, by placing it in a double boiler or a glass jar and heating it gently for several hours.
- Strain the infused oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container, discarding the solids.
- Mix the strained oil with a natural emollient, such as beeswax, to create a salve, then pour the mixture into small containers and let it cool and solidify.
Capsule
Digitalis purpurea capsule is a widely used herbal preparation that's prescribed to treat a range of cardiovascular conditions including atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, cardiomegaly, palpitations, angina pectoris and tachycardia.
It's one of the most commonly used herbal preparations in the world. The preparation's effects are well-documented, including increased contraction force of the heart and increased cardiac output. Digitalis purpurea capsule is made from the leaves and roots of the plant, which are harvested and then processed into a capsule form.
The production process is moderately complex and requires careful control of variables such as plant quality, extraction methods and dosage.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Digitalis purpurea capsule.
- Gather fresh or dried Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots from a trusted source.
- Dry the leaves and roots in a warm, well-ventilated area to preserve their potency.
- Crush the dried leaves and roots into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle.
- Mix the powdered leaves and roots together in a clean bowl to create a uniform blend.
- Fill gelatin capsules with the blended powder and seal to create the herbal capsules.
Decoction
Digitalis purpurea decoction is a herbal preparation used to treat cardiac insufficiency, heart failure, palpitations, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia.
This preparation is commonly used in traditional medicine due to its effectiveness and widespread availability. One of the most notable effects of Digitalis purpurea decoction is its ability to increase heart muscle contractility, which helps to improve heart function and reduce symptoms of heart failure.
The decoction is made by steeping the leaves and roots of the Digitalis purpurea plant in water, which requires moderate difficulty and some expertise to prepare correctly.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Digitalis purpurea decoction.
- Gather Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots from a trusted source.
- Rinse the Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots thoroughly with clean water.
- Combine the Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots in a heat-resistant container.
- Add enough clean water to the container to cover the Digitalis purpurea leaves and roots.
- Simmer the mixture over low heat for 10-15 minutes, then strain and discard the solids.
What are the possible side effects of Digitalis purpurea if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Digitalis purpurea are vomiting, which can occur due to gastrointestinal irritation and may lead to dehydration.
Abdominal pain is also a possible outcome, resulting from the irritant properties of the plant's glycosides, which can cause inflammation and discomfort. Bradycardia, a condition characterized by a slow heart rate, can be induced by the toxic effects of the plant's cardiac glycosides on the heart's electrical conduction system. Nausea, often accompanied by dizziness, can be triggered by the plant's irritant properties on the stomach and central nervous system, leading to a loss of balance and equilibrium.
Diarrhea, headache, muscle weakness, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmia can also occur due to the plant's toxic effects, potentially life-threatening in severe cases.
The most common side effects Digitalis purpurea gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Vomiting: Excessive digitalis consumption causes severe nausea leading to vomiting.
- Abdominal Pain: Severe abdominal pain occurs due to gastrointestinal irritation caused by cardiac glycosides in Digitalis purpurea overdose.
- Bradycardia: A decrease in heart rate that can be caused by excessive Digitalis purpurea consumption.
- Nausea: A common side effect of Digitalis purpurea overdose or toxicity, nausea occurs due to gastrointestinal irritation caused by digoxin and digoxin-like substances.
- Diarrhea: Digitalis purpurea overdose can cause increased gut motility and water secretion, resulting in diarrhea.
- Headache: Digitalis purpurea toxicity causes headache due to increased intracranial pressure and cerebral vasoconstriction.
- Dizziness: Excessive Digitalis purpurea intake causes a reduction in blood flow to the brain, leading to decreased cerebral blood pressure and reduced oxygen delivery.
- Muscle Weakness: Digitalis purpurea toxicity causes muscle weakness due to reduced cardiac output and decreased oxygen delivery to muscles.
- Seizures: Toxicity from Digitalis purpurea can cause seizures in rare cases due to its cardiac glycoside content, specifically digoxin and digitoxin.
- Cardiac Arrhythmia: Excessive Digitalis purpurea consumption causes abnormal heart rhythms due to its effect on the sodium-potassium ATPase pump in cardiac cells.
What are the precautions to take before using Digitalis purpurea medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Digitalis purpurea medicinally are contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential fetal harm, as Digitalis exerts direct effects on the fetus and also passes the placenta, and digitalis glycosides can cross the placental barrier.
Monitoring potassium levels is crucial since Digitalis purpurea acts on the heart by increasing the contractility and decreasing the conduction velocity, and hypokalemia can exacerbate the risk of arrhythmias. Digitalis purpurea should be avoided in renal failure, as this condition can lead to an accumulation of the drug and increased toxicity. The patient should watch for signs of overdose, such as nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, and palpitations, as these can be indicative of digoxin toxicity.
Digitalis purpurea interacts with certain medications, including quinidine, verapamil, and amiodarone, and should be used with caution in the elderly due to decreased renal function and potential interactions, and it should not be used in patients with hypokalemia, and an ECG should be monitored for arrhythmias, and the exact dosage should be used according to the patient's needs, and consulting an expert before use is highly recommended.
The most important precautions you must take before using Digitalis purpurea for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Contraindicate In Pregnancy: Digitalis purpurea is contraindicated in pregnancy due to risk of foetal cardiac depression and abortion.
- Monitor Potassium Levels: Digitalis purpurea toxicity increases the risk of hypokalemia, requiring frequent potassium level monitoring.
- Avoid In Renal Failure: Digitalis purpurea has high risk of toxicity in patients with renal failure due to decreased digoxin elimination.
- Watch For Signs Of Overdose: Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain, visual disturbances, and irregular heart rhythms.
- Interact With Certain Medications: Digitalis purpurea significantly interacts with medications such as quinidine, verapamil, and amiodarone, increasing risk of arrhythmias.
- Use With Caution In Elderly: Elderly patients are at increased risk of digitalis toxicity due to age-related declines in renal function and cardiac disease.
- Avoid In Hypokalemia: Hypokalemia increases Digitalis purpurea toxicity risk due to enhanced cardiac effect of digoxin.
- Monitor Ecg For Arrhythmias: Regularly monitor ECG for digitalis-induced arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation
- Use Exact Dosage: Administer Digitalis purpurea (foxglove) at doses of 0.125 to 0.2 mg of digoxin per day, not exceeding 0.5 mg, under close medical supervision.
- Consult Expert Before Use: Digitalis purpurea requires expert supervision due to potential cardiac glycoside toxicity.
