Cyrtophyllum fragrans
Cyrtophyllum fragrans · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (0 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Cyrtophyllum fragrans is a notable botanical species recognized for its distinct chemical profile and therapeutic potential. The plant contains significant bioactive compounds, including gentiopicroside, sweroside, swertiamarin, and fagraldehyde. While various preparations utilize both the bark and the leaves, the leaves serve as a primary source for these essential constituents. Research into these chemical properties highlights the importance of the plant's specific secondary metabolites. Understanding the composition of Cyrtophyllum fragrans provides valuable insights into its potential applications in pharmacological studies.
- Synonyms
- Fagraea Peregrina · Cyrtophyllum Peregrinum · 2 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Gentianaceae
- Distribution
- Northern America
- Plant Parts
- Leaf
Classification
Common Names
Cyrtophyllum fragrans is a plant known by several distinct regional names. It is most commonly referred to as Tembusu or simply Tembesu in many areas. In certain locations, it is also recognized by the name Pokok Tembusu Padang. Furthermore, the species carries the specific local identifiers of Trai lí and Urung. These various common names reflect the diverse linguistic landscape in which the plant thrives.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Cyrtophyllum fragrans is a botanical species characterized by a complex history of taxonomic classification. Over time, this plant has been identified through several different names, including the synonyms Cyrtophyllum peregrinum and Fagraea fragrans. It has also been referred to in scientific literature as Fagraea peregrina and Willughbeia fragrans. These varying designations reflect the evolving nature of plant nomenclature as researchers refine their understanding of the species. Understanding these relationships is essential for anyone studying the botanical heritage of this unique plant.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Cyrtophyllum fragrans belongs to the vast kingdom Plantae, representing a unique branch of the natural world. Within this kingdom, the species is classified under the class Equisetopsida. It further falls into the order Gentianales, which helps scientists understand its evolutionary lineage. This plant is a member of the Gentianaceae family, sharing characteristics with many other specialized flowering plants. Finally, its specific taxonomic identity is defined by its placement within the genus Cyrtophyllum.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Gentianales |
| Family | Gentianaceae |
| Genus | Cyrtophyllum |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Cyrtophyllum fragrans is a plant species primarily distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia. Its natural habitat spans across the diverse landscapes of Indo-China, encompassing several distinct nations. Specifically, this species can be found growing in the environments of Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. Additionally, its presence extends into the lush territories of Thailand and the Andaman Islands. This wide geographical range highlights the plant's significant presence within the tropical ecosystems of the region.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Cyrtophyllum fragrans is a distinguished plant characterized by its robust tree growth form. As a self-supporting species, it maintains its structural integrity without the need for external assistance. This impressive tree can reach a maximum height of 25 meters in certain conditions. However, under optimal environmental circumstances, its stature may extend up to a maximum of 30 meters.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Compounds
Cyrtophyllum fragrans, also known as Fagraea fragrans, serves as a rich source of various secoiridoid compounds. Chemical analysis of the plant's bark and leaves reveals the presence of several significant secondary metabolites. Specifically, the species contains the known secoiridoids gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin. In addition to these, researchers have isolated fagraldehyde, a unique secoiridoid aglycone characterized by an atypical skeleton. These findings highlight the complex phytochemical profile found within the different tissues of this plant.
Conditions
Preparations
Cyrtophyllum fragrans serves as a source for various chemical compounds extracted from its different parts. Specifically, the plant is prepared as bark to isolate substances such as the secoiridoid aglycone fagraldehyde. In addition to the bark, the plant is prepared as leaves to obtain similar bioactive components. These botanical parts provide a rich supply of secoiridoids like gentiopicroside, sweroside, and swertiamarin. Consequently, both the bark and the leaves are essential for the extraction of these specific phytochemicals.
Parts used
Cyrtophyllum fragrans, also known by its synonym Fagraea fragrans, serves as a significant source of bioactive secondary metabolites. Research conducted on specimens collected in Cambodia has successfully isolated several secoiridoids from the plant's bark and leaves. Among these findings is the novel compound fagraldehyde, which possesses an atypical chemical skeleton. Detailed molecular modeling and NOESY correlations have been utilized to evaluate the specific conformations of this unique molecule. Furthermore, studies indicate that this isolated compound demonstrates weak in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum.