Cardoon

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• Cardoon

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus
• Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus
• Carduus scolymus
• Cynara cardunculus var. ferocissima
• Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris
• Cynara cardunculus var. hortensis
• Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus
• Cynara scolymus f. major
• Cynara cardunculus proles corsica
• Cynara sylvestris
• Cynara ferox
• Cynara spinosissima
• Cynara horrida
• Cynara sylvestris var. spinosa
• Cynara sylvestris var. spinosus
• Cynara scolymus var. major
• Cynara scolymus var. minor
• Cynara cardunculus var. inermis
• Cynara scolymus var. pungens
• Cynara scolymus var. redonensis
• Cynara cardunculus var. altilis
• Cynara hortensis
• Cynara cardunculus var. sativa
• Cynara scolymus
• Cynara carduncellus
• Cynara humilis
• Cynaropsis gomerensis
• Cynara pygmaea
• Cynara scolymus f. minor
• Cynara corsica
• Cynara scolymus var. mutica

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta and class Equisetopsida. Within the subclass Magnoliidae, it is organized under the order Asterales and the family Asteraceae. Finally, it is categorized under the genus Cynara as the subspecies cardunculus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a widespread presence across several regions of the European continent. In Northern Europe, its distribution includes the territories of Great Britain and Ireland. Moving toward Middle Europe, the species can be found growing within the borders of Austria and Belgium. The plant's range also extends further east to encompass the Czechia-Slovakia region. Consequently, these diverse locations highlight the broad geographical footprint of this specific subspecies.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Plant Parts

Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus has 2 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, root.

Leaf

1. Oncotarget

Root

1. Journal of cosmetic dermatology

Chemicals

Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus has 23 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Cynarin, Flavonoids, luteolin, CHLOROGENIC ACID, Cynarine.

Cynarin

1. Journal of natural products
2. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
3. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology
4. Phytotherapy research : PTR
5. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Flavonoids

1. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
2. SpringerPlus
3. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine
4. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
5. Fitoterapia

luteolin

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
3. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

CHLOROGENIC ACID

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Journal of natural products

Cynarine

1. Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Journal of natural products

1-Caffeoylquinic acid

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Bromopropylate

1. Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B, Pesticides, food contaminants, and agricultural wastes

CADMIUM

1. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association

Chrysoeriol 7-rutinoside

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Cynaropicrin

1. Fitoterapia

Activities

Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus has 10 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Antibacterial, Analgesic, Antifungal.

Antioxidant

1. Vojnosanitetski pregled
2. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry
3. SpringerPlus
4. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
5. Animal biotechnology

Hepatoprotective

1. SpringerPlus
2. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Toxicology reports
4. Fitoterapia
5. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Antibacterial

1. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM
2. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

Analgesic

1. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Antifungal

1. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

Antihypertensive

1. Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology

Antimicrobial

1. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)

Apoptotic

1. Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry

Choleretic

1. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Digestive

1. Fitoterapia

Preparations