What to know about Cymbopogon schoenanthus (lemon grass) before using it medicinally

Cymbopogon schoenanthus, commonly known as lemon grass, is a herb that offers a multitude of health benefits, ranging from anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties to the treatment of digestive issues and stress relief.

This fast-growing, clump-forming perennial grass is widely cultivated for its ornamental value, its ability to be used as a natural dye, and its use in landscaping due to its relatively low maintenance requirements. The herb is identified by its long, slender stems and narrow leaves, which are known to grow up to 4 feet in length.

Historically, Cymbopogon schoenanthus has been used in traditional medicine and cooking for centuries, with records of its use dating back to ancient India and China.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus.

What are the medicinal properties of Cymbopogon schoenanthus?

Cymbopogon schoenanthus helps with fever reduction, digestive issues, and stress relief due to its antipyretic, carminative, and adaptogenic properties. It is also used to alleviate nausea, vomiting, and menstrual cramps.

The active constituents of Cymbopogon schoenanthus, including citral, geranial, and limonene, contribute to its medicinal properties. These essential oils have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects, which are responsible for the plant's therapeutic benefits.

The leaves and stems of Cymbopogon schoenanthus are the most commonly used parts for medicinal purposes. The leaves are rich in essential oils and are often used in teas, infusions, and topical applications. The stems are also used in traditional medicine.

Possible side effects of using Cymbopogon schoenanthus improperly include skin irritation, allergic reactions, and interactions with medications such as blood thinners and diabetes medications. Prolonged use can also lead to liver toxicity.

Precautions when using Cymbopogon schoenanthus medicinally include using it in moderation, consulting with a healthcare professional before use, especially during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and avoiding it in individuals with liver or kidney disease.

What are the horticulural aspects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus?

Cymbopogon schoenanthus grow well in warm temperatures between 65-90°F (18-32°C). It prefers well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0-7.0 and full sun to partial shade.

Cymbopogon schoenanthus prefers well-draining soil and can tolerate drought, but consistent moisture promotes healthy growth. Plant in spring or fall, when temperatures are mild, to minimize transplant shock. Space plants 6-12 inches apart for proper air circulation.

To harvest lemon grass, cut the grassy stems when they reach 2-3 feet tall, leaving about 1-2 inches of growth intact. Regular harvesting encourages new growth and prevents the plant from flowering. Harvest in the morning, when the oils are most concentrated.

Pests and diseases that commonly affect Cymbopogon schoenanthus include aphids, spider mites, and mealybugs. Root rot and leaf spot diseases are also prevalent in wet conditions. Regularly inspect the plant and take action promptly to prevent infestations and infections from spreading.

What are the botanical aspects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus?

Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a perennial grass native to tropical Africa. It has slender stems, 1-2 m tall, with narrow, linear leaves, 30-60 cm long, 4-10 mm wide, and a distinctive, lemon-scented oil.

Cymbopogon schoenanthus belongs to the family Poaceae, subfamily Chloridoideae, and tribe Andropogoneae. The genus Cymbopogon comprises about 100 species, and the species name schoenanthus refers to its similarity to Schoenus, a genus of sedges.

Variants of Cymbopogon schoenanthus include 'Citronella' and ' Java Citronella', which have higher citronella oil content, and 'Dakota', which is a compact, low-growing cultivar. These variants are used for different purposes, such as citronella oil production and ornamental plantings.

Cymbopogon schoenanthus is native to tropical Africa, but it has been naturalized in many parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. It thrives in warm, humid climates with well-drained soils.

The life cycle of Cymbopogon schoenanthus involves a dormant winter period, during which the plant survives as underground rhizomes. In the spring, new shoots emerge from the rhizomes, and the plant grows rapidly, producing new leaves and stems, and eventually flowering and producing seeds.

What are the historical aspects of Cymbopogon schoenanthus?

Cymbopogon schoenanthus is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine. In ancient Egypt, it was used to treat fever, rheumatism, and digestive issues. In India, it was used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat various ailments. In China, it was used to treat colds and flu.

In ancient Greek mythology, lemon grass was associated with the nymph Chloris, who was said to have created the plant to ward off evil spirits. In Hindu mythology, the plant was associated with the god of the sun, Surya, and was said to bring good fortune and prosperity.

In many cultures, lemon grass is considered a symbol of purification, protection, and good health. It is often used in rituals and ceremonies to ward off evil spirits and bring good luck. In some cultures, the plant is also associated with love and romance.

Historical texts such as the Ebers Papyrus, an ancient Egyptian medical text, mention the use of lemon grass to treat various ailments. The Charaka Samhita, an ancient Indian Ayurvedic text, also mentions the use of lemon grass in traditional medicine. The Bencao Gangmu, an ancient Chinese medical text, mentions the use of lemon grass to treat colds and flu.

Historical artifacts such as ancient Egyptian tomb paintings and Indian Ayurvedic manuscripts depict the use of lemon grass in traditional medicine. The plant is also mentioned in ancient Chinese medical texts and is depicted in ancient Chinese art. These artifacts provide valuable insights into the historical uses and symbolism of lemon grass.