By Leen Randell
Updated: Oct 21, 2024
What to know about Cymbopogon nardus before using it medicinally
Cymbopogon nardus, commonly known as citronella, is a herb that has been utilized in traditional medicine for various health conditions, including fever reduction, digestive issues, and skin conditions such as eczema and acne.
The main health benefits of Cymbopogon nardus include its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties, which contribute to its effectiveness in treating infections and promoting wound healing. The herb's therapeutic properties are primarily attributed to its essential oil, which contains a high concentration of citronellal, a compound with known antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Bioactive compounds present in Cymbopogon nardus include citronellal, geraniol, and limonene, which have been shown to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
People often make a tea by infusing the leaves of Cymbopogon nardus in hot water to alleviate digestive issues and reduce fever, showcasing the herb's versatility in traditional herbal remedies.
Featured Study:
According to a study published by "Journal of ethnopharmacology", Cymbopogon nardus has been traditionally used to treat various ailments, and it has been found to exhibit numerous biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. The extracts from Cymbopogon nardus have also been shown to provide significant nutritional benefits due to the presence of compounds such as citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol. Additionally, the plant has been found to have analgesic, anti-dizziness, and anti-abdominal pain properties, making it a potential medicinal and edible resource with diverse pharmacological effects.
The following article explains in detail what are the medicinal uses of Cymbopogon nardus, its health benefits, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, used parts, and herbal preparation. It also warns you about the potential side effects of this plant and what precautions to take before using it for medicinal purposes.
ARTICLE SUMMARY: The table below summarizes the most crucial information about Cymbopogon nardus provided in the article below, which is useful if you are in a hurry and don't have time to dig deep into the very detailed content that follows.
| Medicinal Aspect | Summary |
|---|---|
| Uses | Insect bites, Anxiety, Skin irritation, Fever, Digestive issues, Headaches, Rheumatism, Skin infections, Diarrhea, Nausea |
| Benefits | Reduces inflammation, Prevents cell damage, Relaxes muscles, Fights bacterial infections, Eases digestive issues, Lowers blood pressure, Reduces anxiety levels, Prevents oxidative stress, Reduces joint pain, Improves skin health |
| Properties | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Anticancer, Antiseptic, Antiparasitic, Antiviral |
| Constituents | Limonene, Geraniol, Phenolic acids, Flavonoids, Pinene, Caryophyllene, Sesquiterpenes, Linalool, Citronellal, Furanocoumarins |
| Parts | Leaves, Flowers, Rhizomes |
| Preparations | Essential oil, Tincture, Salve, Tea |
| Side Effects | Experience phototoxicity, Suffer from dermatitis, Develop contact allergy, Inhibit platelet aggregation, Interact with anticoagulant medications, Worsen hypertension, Cause uterine contractions, Exacerbate peptic ulcers, Trigger allergic reactions, Induce liver damage |
| Precaution | Consult a healthcare professional, Determine safe dosage, Monitor blood pressure, Be aware of interactions with medications, Avoid during pregnancy and breastfeeding, Watch for allergic reactions, Use in well-ventilated areas, Avoid contact with eyes and skin, Do not use for extended periods, Store in a secure location |
BONUS CHEATSHEET: The cheatsheet below illustrates the most important medicinal aspects of Cymbopogon nardus. Feel free to download it, print it, and reference it when you need a quick reminder.
- What are the main medicinal uses of Cymbopogon nardus?
- Modern Western Medicine
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Ayurvedic Medicine
- Unani Medicine
- Homeopathic Medicine
- What are the primary health benefits of Cymbopogon nardus?
- Circulatory System
- Digestive System
- Endocrine System
- Integumentary System
- Lymphatic System
- Musculoskeletal System
- Nervous System
- Reproductive System
- Respiratory System
- Urinary System
- What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Cymbopogon nardus?
- What are the major healing constituents of Cymbopogon nardus?
- What are the most used parts of Cymbopogon nardus in medicine?
- What are the most common medicinal preparations of Cymbopogon nardus?
- What are the possible side effects of Cymbopogon nardus if used improperly?
- What are the precautions to take before using Cymbopogon nardus medicinally?
- Related herbs to Cymbopogon nardus?
What are the main medicinal uses of Cymbopogon nardus?
The main medicinal uses of Cymbopogon nardus are its application in digestive issues due to its antispasmodic properties, which are attributed to its constituent cineole, a monoterpene alcohol responsible for relaxing the smooth muscles in the digestive tract.
Cymbopogon nardus is also used to reduce fever, as its essential oil has been shown to exhibit antipyretic activity, particularly due to the presence of linalool, a sesquiterpene alcohol that has a direct action on the hypothalamus to decrease body temperature. Additionally, the plant is used to alleviate anxiety, with its essential oil exhibiting anxiolytic effects, primarily due to the presence of linalool and limonene, which interact with the central nervous system to reduce anxiety. Cymbopogon nardus is also used to treat insect bites and skin infections, as its essential oil has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly due to the presence of geraniol and geranial, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms and reduce inflammation.
Furthermore, the plant's essential oil is used to promote wound healing, respiratory issues, diarrhea, rheumatism, and skin irritation, due to its constituents, including geraniol, geranial, and limonene, which exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties.
The following illustration give a summary of the main medicinal uses of Cymbopogon nardus.
The list below provide more details on why Cymbopogon nardus is used to alleviate the health conditions mentioned in the illustration above.
- Insect Bites: Essential oils extracted from the plant are used to reduce inflammation and itching caused by insect bites due to their anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties.
- Anxiety: The plant's essential oils contain compounds that have a calming effect on the nervous system, making it useful in reducing anxiety and stress.
- Skin Irritation: The plant's essential oils are used to soothe skin irritation due to their anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, which help reduce redness and promote wound healing.
- Fever: The plant's essential oils contain compounds that help reduce fever by inducing sweating and promoting the elimination of toxins from the body.
- Digestive Issues: The plant's essential oils are used to alleviate digestive issues such as bloating and indigestion due to their carminative properties, which help relieve gas and alleviate discomfort.
- Headaches: The plant's essential oils contain compounds that have a calming effect on the nervous system, making it useful in reducing tension and relieving headaches.
- Rheumatism: The plant's essential oils are used to alleviate rheumatism symptoms such as pain and inflammation due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
- Skin Infections: The plant's essential oils are used to treat skin infections due to their antiseptic and antibacterial properties, which help reduce the growth of microorganisms and promote wound healing.
- Diarrhea: The plant's essential oils are used to alleviate diarrhea due to their astringent properties, which help reduce the frequency and looseness of stools.
- Nausea: The plant's essential oils contain compounds that have a calming effect on the digestive system, making it useful in reducing nausea and alleviating discomfort.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the most common health conditions that are treated with Cymbopogon nardus, in each of the major medicinal systems.
| Medicinal System | Conditions Treated |
|---|---|
| Modern Western Medicine | Insect Bites, Anxiety, Skin Irritation, Fever Reduction, Eczema, Headaches, Fungal Infections, Wound Healing, Stress Relief, Digestive Issues, Muscle Pain, Nausea, Muscle Spasms, Insomnia, Inflammation, Rheumatism, Dandruff, Acne, Diarrhea, Psoriasis |
| Traditional Chinese Medicine | Insect Bites, Headaches, Fever, Skin Irritation, Diarrhea, Wound Healing, Nausea, Anxiety, Digestive Issues, Eczema, Muscle Pain, Skin Infections, Rheumatism, Fungal Infections, Inflammation, Respiratory Issues, Arthritis, Cold, Stress, Wound Infection |
| Ayurvedic Medicine | Insect Bites, Anxiety, Fever, Digestive Issues, Rheumatism, Skin Infections, Skin Irritations, Wound Healing, Headache, Muscle Pain, Inflammation, Nausea, Diarrhea, Asthma, Diabetes, Respiratory Issues, Muscle Spasms, Dyspepsia, Arthritis, Migraine |
| Unani Medicine | Insect Bites, Fever, Skin Infections, Rheumatism, Headache, Diarrhea, Anxiety, Asthma, Eczema, Nausea, Diabetes, Wounds, Digestive Issues, Fungal Infections, Indigestion, Hair Loss, Arthritis, Menstrual Cramps, Skin Irritation, Dyspepsia |
| Homeopathic Medicine | Insect Bites, Anxiety, Skin Irritation, Digestive Issues, Headaches, Muscle Spasms, Rheumatism, Inflammation, Muscle Pain, Pain Relief, Stress Relief, Fever, Nausea, Insomnia, Asthma, Fungal Infections, Wound Healing, Wound Infection, Skin Inflammation, Antiseptic Properties |
Modern Western Medicine
In modern western medicine, Cymbopogon nardus is used to treat various health conditions, including the relief of symptoms caused by insect bites, fever reduction, and wound healing.
Additionally, its essential oil is often employed to alleviate anxiety and skin irritation, as well as to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms of eczema and rheumatism. Its antifungal properties also make it effective in treating fungal infections, and its analgesic properties can help to relieve headaches and muscle pain. Furthermore, Cymbopogon nardus has been used to treat digestive issues, such as diarrhea, and skin conditions like dandruff and psoriasis, as well as acne and stress-induced insomnia.
Its calming effects can also help to relieve muscle spasms, nausea, and insomnia, while its antiseptic properties can aid in the reduction of inflammation and the relief of symptoms associated with stress relief.
Traditional Chinese Medicine
In traditional chinese medicine, Cymbopogon nardus is used to treat various health conditions, including fever, headaches, and skin irritation.
The essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon nardus have been traditionally used to alleviate insect bites, diarrhea, and wound healing issues. Its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties make it an effective treatment for skin infections, eczema, and fungal infections. Additionally, Cymbopogon nardus is used to relieve muscle pain, respiratory issues, and arthritis, as well as to combat colds, stress, and wound infections, and its calming effects also help to reduce anxiety and nausea.
Furthermore, it has been traditionally used to address digestive issues, rheumatism, and inflammation, making it a versatile treatment option in traditional Chinese medicine.
Ayurvedic Medicine
In ayurvedic medicine, Cymbopogon nardus is used to treat various health conditions, including insect bites, which it helps to alleviate with its anti-inflammatory properties.
It has also been traditionally used to calm anxiety and reduce fever, often associated with viral infections. Additionally, this plant is valued for its digestive benefits, effectively treating digestive issues and relieving symptoms of dyspepsia. The essential oil extracted from Cymbopogon nardus has been found to exhibit antimicrobial properties, making it a popular remedy for skin infections, skin irritations, and wound healing.
Furthermore, it has been used to alleviate headache, muscle pain, inflammation, nausea, diarrhea, asthma, diabetes, respiratory issues, muscle spasms, and arthritic conditions, including rheumatism and arthritis, as well as migraines, and fever.
Unani Medicine
In unani medicine, Cymbopogon nardus is used to treat various health conditions, including insect bites which it alleviates by reducing inflammation and itching.
It is also used to reduce fever, a common symptom of many diseases, by promoting sweating and inducing perspiration. Additionally, Cymbopogon nardus has antimicrobial properties that help in treating skin infections and rheumatism by reducing joint pain and inflammation. The plant is also used to relieve headache, diarrhea, anxiety, asthma, eczema, nausea, and digestive issues by regulating digestion and eliminating toxins from the body.
Furthermore, it is used to treat wounds, fungal infections, indigestion, hair loss, arthritis, menstrual cramps, skin irritation, and dyspepsia by promoting tissue repair and preventing further complications.
Homeopathic Medicine
In homeopathic medicine, Cymbopogon nardus is used to alleviate insect bites and skin irritation caused by its antiseptic properties, which help prevent infection and promote wound healing, while also addressing fever and nausea, often associated with fungal infections and wound infections.
It is also employed to calm anxiety and stress relief, which can contribute to insomnia and digestive issues. Furthermore, Cymbopogon nardus is used to alleviate muscle spasms, rheumatism, and muscle pain, which can be exacerbated by inflammation and headaches. Its pain relief properties also make it a useful treatment for asthma and skin inflammation, while its antiseptic properties also aid in wound infection prevention.
Additionally, its soothing effects can help reduce muscle tension and promote general well-being, providing relief from stress and anxiety.
What are the primary health benefits of Cymbopogon nardus?
Cymbopogon nardus reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby alleviating pain and discomfort.
Cymbopogon nardus prevents cell damage by scavenging free radicals and protecting DNA integrity, which ultimately reduces the risk of cancer and other age-related diseases. Cymbopogon nardus relaxes muscles by releasing tension and promoting a state of calmness, making it a popular ingredient in aromatherapy. Cymbopogon nardus fights bacterial infections by exhibiting antimicrobial properties, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
Cymbopogon nardus eases digestive issues, reduces anxiety levels and lowers blood pressure by modulating the autonomic nervous system and stimulating the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, while preventing oxidative stress through its antioxidant properties, reduces joint pain by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, and improves skin health by reducing the formation of melanin and promoting wound healing.
The following illustration give a summary of the primary health benefits of Cymbopogon nardus.
The list below provides more details on why Cymbopogon nardus offers the health benefits mentioned in the illustration above.
- Reduces Inflammation: This benefit is due to the plant's essential oils, which contain compounds such as linalool and geraniol that have anti-inflammatory properties, helping to reduce swelling and pain in the body.
- Prevents Cell Damage: The plant's antioxidant properties, attributed to its high content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, help to neutralize free radicals and prevent cell damage caused by oxidative stress.
- Relaxes Muscles: The plant's essential oils, particularly linalool, have a calming effect on the nervous system, helping to relax muscles and reduce muscle spasms.
- Fights Bacterial Infections: The plant's essential oils contain compounds such as limonene and geraniol, which have antibacterial properties, helping to fight off bacterial infections and promote wound healing.
- Eases Digestive Issues: The plant's essential oils, particularly linalool, have a calming effect on the digestive system, helping to ease symptoms of indigestion, nausea, and diarrhea.
- Lowers Blood Pressure: The plant's essential oils, particularly linalool, have a vasodilatory effect, helping to relax blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
- Reduces Anxiety Levels: The plant's essential oils, particularly linalool, have a calming effect on the nervous system, helping to reduce anxiety levels and promote relaxation.
- Prevents Oxidative Stress: The plant's antioxidant properties, attributed to its high content of flavonoids and phenolic acids, help to neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress, which can lead to cell damage and disease.
- Reduces Joint Pain: The plant's anti-inflammatory properties, attributed to its essential oils, help to reduce joint pain and swelling, making it a popular natural remedy for arthritis and other joint-related conditions.
- Improves Skin Health: The plant's essential oils, particularly linalool, have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, helping to improve skin health, reduce acne, and promote wound healing.
The table that follows gives an overview of what are the primary health benefits of Cymbopogon nardus for each of the major body system.
| Body System | Health Benefits |
|---|---|
| Circulatory System | Reduces Blood Pressure, Improves Cardiovascular Health, Enhances Blood Flow, Lowers Cholesterol Levels, Prevents Blood Clots, Relaxes Blood Vessels, Boosts Circulation, Protects Heart Health, Slows Atherosclerosis, Promotes Vasodilation |
| Digestive System | Reduces Inflammation, Soothes Digestive, Relaxes Intestinal, Prevents Bloating, Calms Irritable, Cures Diarrhea, Heals Ulcers, Fights Infections, Relieves Constipation, Regenerates Gut |
| Endocrine System | Regulates Hormone, Stimulates Insulin, Boosts Thyroid, Stabilizes Cortisol, Suppresses Adrenaline, Regenerates Pancreas, Activates Metabolism, Balances Adrenal, Enhances Growth, Supports Reproduction |
| Integumentary System | Repels Insect Bites, Reduces Skin Inflammation, Soothes Irritated Skin, Prevents Skin Infections, Fights Fungal Growth, Relaxes Muscular Tension, Improves Skin Elasticity, Treats Acne Breakouts, Cures Wound Infections, Protects Skin From Damage |
| Lymphatic System | Reduces Swelling, Enhances Detoxification, Boosts Circulation, Stimulates Filtration, Improves Absorption, Supports Regeneration, Increases Mobility, Eases Congestion, Strengthens Immunity, Reduces Inflammation |
| Musculoskeletal System | Reduce Joint Pain, Relieve Muscle Tension, Ease Arthritis Symptoms, Prevent Bone Loss, Improve Muscle Strength, Enhance Joint Mobility, Decrease Inflammation, Increase Collagen Production, Promote Wound Healing, Support Bone Regeneration |
| Nervous System | Reduces Anxiety, Stimulates Relaxation, Improves Focus, Enhances Mood, Calms Nerves, Boosts Energy, Relieves Tension, Fights Fatigue, Soothes Stress, Regulates Sleep |
| Reproductive System | Stimulates Ovulation, Regulates Menstruation, Improves Fertility, Enhances Libido, Boosts Hormones, Reduces Infertility, Soothes Menstrual Cramps, Balances Progesterone, Increases Sperm Count, Supports Reproductive Health |
| Respiratory System | Relieves Congestion, Reduces Inflammation, Expels Mucus, Calms Bronchitis, Eases Asthma, Prevents Wheezing, Heals Lungs, Soothes Throat, Eliminates Phlegm, Boosts Immunity |
| Urinary System | Prevents Kidney Damage, Reduces Urinary Tract, Treats Urinary Incontinence, Relieves Bladder Irritation, Protects Prostate Health, Reduces Urine Frequency, Prevents Kidney Stones, Treats Urethritis Symptoms, Reduces Bladder Infections, Supports Kidney Function |
Circulatory System
Cymbopogon nardus reduces blood pressure by inhibiting the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a key player in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which regulates blood pressure.
Improving cardiovascular health is also a benefit of this plant, as it possesses antioxidant properties that neutralize free radicals and prevent oxidative stress, a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Enhancing blood flow is another advantage, due to the plant's ability to relax blood vessels and promote vasodilation through its flavonoid and phenolic acid content. Lowering cholesterol levels is also facilitated by the plant's antioxidant properties, which inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and prevent its accumulation in arterial walls.
Protecting heart health is further enhanced by the plant's anti-inflammatory properties, which prevent the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and slow atherosclerosis, while also preventing blood clots and boosting circulation.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the circulatory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Varicose veins
- High blood pressure
- Poor circulation
- Atherosclerosis
- Cardiovascular disease
Digestive System
Cymbopogon nardus reduces inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which help alleviate conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome.
Soothing digestive issues is also a benefit, achieved through its antioxidant properties that protect the gut from oxidative stress. The antimicrobial properties of this plant relax intestinal contractions, thereby reducing spasms and promoting smooth digestion. Preventing bloating is another advantage, as its carminative properties help expel gases and reduce pressure in the abdomen.
Cymbopogon nardus calms irritable digestive systems, cures diarrhea, heals ulcers, fights infections, relieves constipation, and regenerates the gut through its various medicinal properties, ultimately promoting a balanced and healthy digestive system.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the digestive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Flatulence
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Indigestion
- Colic
- Irritable bowel syndrome
Endocrine System
Cymbopogon nardus regulates hormone production by exhibiting estrogenic and androgenic activity, which helps to balance the endocrine system.
It stimulates insulin secretion, reducing blood sugar levels and preventing insulin resistance. Cymbopogon nardus boosts thyroid function by activating the thyroid-stimulating hormone, thereby increasing metabolism and energy production. The plant's adaptogenic properties stabilize cortisol levels, preventing excessive stress and anxiety.
Additionally, Cymbopogon nardus suppresses adrenaline release, regenerates pancreatic cells, activates metabolic pathways, balances adrenal function, enhances growth and development, and supports reproductive health through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the endocrine system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Hirsutism
- Menstrual irregularities
- Insulin resistance
Integumentary System
Cymbopogon nardus repels insect bites due to its antimicrobial properties, which prevent the growth of pathogens that can cause infections.
The plant reduces skin inflammation by exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties, which minimize redness and swelling. Cymbopogon nardus soothes irritated skin thanks to its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals that cause oxidative stress. Additionally, its antimicrobial and antifungal properties prevent skin infections by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and fungi.
The essential oils in Cymbopogon nardus also fight fungal growth, relax muscular tension, improve skin elasticity, treat acne breakouts, cure wound infections, and protect skin from damage due to its broad spectrum of medicinal properties.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the integumentary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Dandruff
- Skin irritation
- Acne
- Psoriasis
- Wound healing
Lymphatic System
Cymbopogon nardus reduces swelling by inhibiting prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are involved in the inflammatory process.
Enhancing detoxification is facilitated by the plant's antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals and promote the removal of toxins. Boosting circulation is attributed to the vasodilatory effects of Cymbopogon nardus, which increases blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues.
Stimulating filtration is aided by the diuretic properties of the plant, which increases urine production and reduces fluid buildup in the body. The antimicrobial properties of Cymbopogon nardus improve absorption by reducing the presence of pathogens that can interfere with nutrient uptake, and its anti-inflammatory properties support regeneration by promoting tissue repair and reducing oxidative stress.
Additionally, it increases mobility by relaxing muscles and improving joint function, eases congestion by loosening mucus and promoting expectoration, strengthens immunity by stimulating the production of white blood cells, and reduces inflammation by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the lymphatic system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Edema
- Lymphangitis
- Lymphadenitis
- Lymphedema
- Lymphoma
- Lymphocytosis
- Lymphopenia
- Lymphogranuloma
- Lymphorrhea
- Lymphostasis
Musculoskeletal System
Cymbopogon nardus reduce joint pain by exerting anti-inflammatory properties, which inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby alleviating pain and discomfort.
Relieve muscle tension is achieved through the plant's essential oils, which exhibit antispasmodic properties, relaxing muscles and improving muscle tone. Ease arthritis symptoms are also observed due to the presence of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, which protect joints from oxidative damage and inflammation, thereby slowing disease progression. Prevent bone loss is promoted by Cymbopogon nardus due to its antioxidant properties, which protect against oxidative stress and enhance bone density.
Cymbopogon nardus also increase collagen production, enhance joint mobility, decrease inflammation, improve muscle strength, promote wound healing, and support bone regeneration through its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the musculoskeletal system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Inflammation
- Arthritis
- Muscle spasms
- Joint pain
- Rheumatism
- Tendinitis
Nervous System
Cymbopogon nardus reduces anxiety through its sedative properties, which are primarily attributed to the presence of linalool and geraniol, two sesquiterpene alcohol compounds known for their anxiolytic and calming effects.
This plant stimulates relaxation due to its antispasmodic properties, which help alleviate muscle tension and promote a sense of calmness. Improved focus can be achieved with Cymbopogon nardus as it contains compounds that have been shown to increase alertness and cognitive function, such as the essential oil citral, which has been found to enhance attention and memory. The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of this plant help enhance mood by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, which are associated with various mood disorders.
By regulating the body's stress response, Cymbopogon nardus calms nerves, boosts energy, relieves tension, fights fatigue, soothes stress, and regulates sleep due to its adaptogenic and nervine properties.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the nervous system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Anxiety
- Insomnia
- Stress
- Nausea
- Epilepsy
- Pain
- Fatigue
Reproductive System
Cymbopogon nardus stimulates ovulation by containing antimicrobial properties that help maintain a healthy reproductive tract environment.
This plant regulates menstruation due to its anti-inflammatory properties, which reduce uterine cramping and alleviate menstrual discomfort. Cymbopogon nardus improves fertility by possessing antioxidant properties that protect reproductive cells from oxidative stress and damage. The essential oil extracted from this plant enhances libido by acting as an adaptogenic agent that helps balance hormone levels and regulate emotional responses.
Additionally, Cymbopogon nardus boosts hormones, reduces infertility, soothes menstrual cramps, balances progesterone, increases sperm count, and supports reproductive health due to its various medicinal properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the reproductive system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Menorrhagia
- Dysmenorrhea
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Endometriosis
- Polycystic ovary syndrome
Respiratory System
Cymbopogon nardus relieves congestion by opening up airways due to its expectorant properties, which help in expelling mucus.
This plant reduces inflammation in the respiratory tract, thereby alleviating symptoms of bronchitis and asthma, thanks to its anti-inflammatory compounds. The antimicrobial properties of Cymbopogon nardus expel mucus and heal lungs damaged by infections, preventing wheezing in the process. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of this plant soothe the throat and eliminate phlegm, while its immunomodulatory effects boost immunity, protecting the body from future respiratory infections.
By reducing inflammation and expelling mucus, Cymbopogon nardus calms bronchitis, easing asthma symptoms and ultimately healing the lungs.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the respiratory system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Bronchitis
- Asthma
- Pneumonia
- Cough
- Cold
- Sinusitis
Urinary System
Cymbopogon nardus prevents kidney damage due to its antioxidant properties, which neutralize free radicals that cause oxidative stress and damage to kidney cells.
The plant reduces urinary tract infections thanks to its antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of pathogens that cause UTIs. Cymbopogon nardus also treats urinary incontinence by relaxing the muscles of the bladder and urethra, reducing involuntary contractions. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory properties relieve bladder irritation by reducing inflammation and soothing the bladder walls, promoting healing.
The plant's protective effects also extend to the prostate, as it protects prostate health by reducing the risk of BPH and prostate cancer, and it reduces urine frequency by promoting the proper functioning of the kidneys and bladder.
The medicinal benefits of Cymbopogon nardus on the urinary system help relieving the health conditions listed below.
- Urinary tract infection
- Kidney stones
- Enuresis
- Nephritis
- Pyelonephritis
What are the dominant therapeutic properties of Cymbopogon nardus?
The therapeutic properties of Cymbopogon nardus are attributed to its bioactive compounds, specifically the volatile oils, including citronella, which exhibit antimicrobial properties by inhibiting the growth of various pathogenic bacteria and fungi.
Additionally, the antioxidant properties of Cymbopogon nardus can help in neutralizing free radicals and protecting against oxidative stress, thereby exerting its anti-inflammatory effects and providing relief from conditions such as arthritis. The plant's analgesic properties, mediated by the bioactive compound caryophyllene, can help in alleviating pain associated with inflammation. The presence of compounds like geraniol and linalool contributes to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiseptic properties, making it effective against a wide range of microbial infections.
Furthermore, Cymbopogon nardus has been found to possess antiparasitic and antiviral properties, while also displaying anticancer potential through the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
The following illustration give a summary of the dominant therapeutic properties of Cymbopogon nardus.
The list below provides more details on why Cymbopogon nardus has the therapeutic properties mentioned in the illustration above.
- Antimicrobial: Cymbopogon nardus exhibits antimicrobial properties, displaying activity against a range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, thereby preventing the growth and multiplication of these pathogens.
- Antioxidant: Cymbopogon nardus possesses antioxidant properties, which enable it to neutralize free radicals and inhibit oxidative stress, thereby protecting cells from damage and potentially contributing to the prevention of chronic diseases.
- Anti-Inflammatory: The essential oils and compounds present in Cymbopogon nardus have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory properties, which can help to reduce swelling, ease pain, and mitigate the symptoms of various inflammatory conditions.
- Analgesic: Cymbopogon nardus has been found to exhibit analgesic properties, providing relief from pain and discomfort by interacting with pain pathways in the body and potentially reducing the production of pain-causing chemicals.
- Antibacterial: The essential oils of Cymbopogon nardus have demonstrated antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of various bacteria and potentially reducing the risk of bacterial infections.
- Antifungal: Cymbopogon nardus has been shown to possess antifungal properties, displaying activity against a range of fungal pathogens and potentially preventing the growth and spread of fungal infections.
- Anticancer: Some studies have suggested that Cymbopogon nardus may possess anticancer properties, with its compounds potentially inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, and reducing the risk of cancer development and progression.
- Antiseptic: The essential oils and compounds present in Cymbopogon nardus have been found to possess antiseptic properties, which can help to prevent the growth and spread of pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and promoting wound healing.
- Antiparasitic: Cymbopogon nardus has been shown to exhibit antiparasitic properties, with its compounds potentially inhibiting the growth and reproduction of various parasites, including those causing malaria and other vector-borne diseases.
- Antiviral: The essential oils of Cymbopogon nardus have demonstrated antiviral activity, inhibiting the replication of various viruses and potentially reducing the risk of viral infections.
What are the major healing constituents of Cymbopogon nardus?
The healing constituents of Cymbopogon nardus are limonene, a monoterpene with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, geraniol, a monoterpenol with anti-inflammatory and sedative effects, phenolic acids, such as ferulic acid and sinapic acid, which exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, flavonoids like kaempferol and quercetin, which display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties, and pinene, a sesquiterpene with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.
The essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus has been found to possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which contribute to its healing effects. The combination of these constituents provides a synergistic effect, enhancing the therapeutic potential of Cymbopogon nardus. Studies have shown that the oil of Cymbopogon nardus exhibits a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of various pathogens, including bacteria and fungi.
The healing constituents of Cymbopogon nardus have been traditionally used to treat various health conditions, including skin and respiratory disorders, and have been found to be effective in reducing inflammation and promoting wound healing.
The following illustration give a summary of the major healing consitutents of Cymbopogon nardus.
The list below provides more details on what are the major healing constituents of Cymbopogon nardus and why they are important for health.
- Limonene: A monoterpene hydrocarbon with anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties.
- Geraniol: Geraniol is a monoterpene alcohol found in Cymbopogon nardus, known for its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties.
- Phenolic acids: Phenolic acids in Cymbopogon nardus are known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, exhibiting antimicrobial and antiseptic activities.
- Flavonoids: Flavonoids from Cymbopogon nardus have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
- Pinene: Pinene is a monoterpene, a type of sesquiterpene that is known for its anti-inflammatory and expectorant properties
- Caryophyllene: Caryophyllene is a sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties.
- Sesquiterpenes: Sesquiterpenes are bioactive compounds found in Cymbopogon nardus that exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
- Linalool: Linalool is a monoterpene alcohol with sedative, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties.
- Citronellal: Citronellal is a monoterpene alcohol, known for its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties.
- Furanocoumarins: Furanocoumarins are a group of compounds found in Cymbopogon nardus, characterized by their furan and coumarin structures, and exhibiting phototoxic and antitumor properties.
The table that follows estimates the relative concentrations of the main medicinal constituents contained in Cymbopogon nardus and lists the most relevant medicinal properties of each constituent based on the corresponding concentrations.
| Constituent | Concentration | Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Limonene | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antitumor, Anticancer, Antiviral |
| Geraniol | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Antihistamine, Antiviral, Sedative, Antiseptic, Antiparasitic |
| Phenolic acids | MEDIUM | Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antimicrobial, Antioxidative, Antitumor, Cardioprotective, Cytotoxic, Free radical scavenger |
| Flavonoids | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anti-cancer, Anti-diabetic, Anti-histamine, Anti-viral |
| Pinene | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antispasmodic, Bronchodilator, Expectorant, Analgesic |
| Caryophyllene | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Anticancer, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, Antiplatelet |
| Sesquiterpenes | HIGH | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Antifungal, Cytotoxic, Anticancer |
| Linalool | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Sedative, Anxiolytic, Antispasmodic, Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antifungal |
| Citronellal | MEDIUM | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Analgesic, Antipyretic, Sedative, Anxiolytic |
| Furanocoumarins | LOW | Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Anticancer, Antiproliferative |
What are the most used parts of Cymbopogon nardus in medicine?
The most used parts of Cymbopogon nardus for medicinal purposes are leaves and flowers.
The leaves contain volatile oils, primarily consisting of citronellal, geraniol, and limonene, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The flowers contain flavonoids, particularly naringenin and eriodictyol, which display anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antioxidant activities. The bioactive compounds in both parts contribute to the plant's medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects.
These properties make Cymbopogon nardus useful in treating various health conditions, such as wounds, skin infections, and respiratory issues.
The following illustration give a summary of the most used parts of Cymbopogon nardus in medicine.
The list below provides more details on what are the most used parts of Cymbopogon nardus in medicine and why.
- Leaves: The leaves of this plant are rich in bioactive compounds such as citronellal, citronellol, and geraniol, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antifungal properties, providing primary health benefits including pain relief, wound healing, and antimicrobial protection.
- Flowers: The flowers of this plant are a rich source of bioactive compounds including geraniol, linalool, and β-pinene, which possess antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic properties, offering primary health benefits including antimicrobial defense, pain relief, and skin health improvement.
The table that follows gives a more complete list of healing constituents found in each part of Cymbopogon nardus mentioned above.
| Part | Constituents |
|---|---|
| Leaves | Volatile oils, Geraniol, Limonene, Cineole, Linalool, Citral, Pinene, Phytol, Furanosesquiterpenoids, Caryophyllene, Bicyclogermacrene, Sesquiterpenes, Flavonoids, Saponins |
| Flowers | Geraniol, Caryophyllene, Borneol, Sesquiterpenes, Monoterpenes, Linalool, Germacrene d, Linalool oxide, Cadinene, Nootkatone |
What are the most common medicinal preparations of Cymbopogon nardus?
The most common herbal preparation of Cymbopogon nardus for medicinal purposes are essential oils, which are extracted through steam distillation and used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and stress-related disorders due to its sedative properties.
Cymbopogon nardus tincture is another preparation that is often used to alleviate digestive issues such as dyspepsia and indigestion, as it possesses carminative and anti-inflammatory properties. Topical application of salve, a preparation made from Cymbopogon nardus extracts, provides relief from skin irritations, wounds, and minor cuts due to its antimicrobial and antiseptic properties. Additionally, Cymbopogon nardus tea is a popular preparation for its digestive benefits, as it contains compounds that help to soothe the stomach and alleviate nausea.
These preparations are also used to treat fever and reduce inflammation due to their antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.
The following illustration give a summary of the most common medicinal preparations of Cymbopogon nardus.
The list below provides more details on what are the most common medicinal preparations of Cymbopogon nardus and what are their main uses.
- Essential Oil: Essential oil made from this plant is used to treat digestive issues, reduce inflammation, alleviate anxiety and stress, and as an antiseptic and antimicrobial agent.
- Tincture: Tincture made from this plant is used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and skin conditions such as acne and eczema due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
- Salve: Salve made from this plant is used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation and improve wound healing, commonly applied topically to treat sprains, strains, cuts, and minor burns.
- Tea: Tea made from this plant has anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antifungal properties and is used to treat fever, cough, indigestion, and skin conditions such as acne, eczema, and wounds.
The table that follows shows what are the most used parts of Cymbopogon nardus for each medicinal preparation.
| Preparation | Parts |
|---|---|
| Essential oil | Rhizomes, Leaves |
| Tincture | Rhizomes, Leaves |
| Salve | Rhizomes, Leaves |
| Tea | Leaves, Rhizomes |
Essential Oil
Cymbopogon nardus essential oil is widely used to treat various health conditions, including rheumatism, anxiety, skin irritation, insect bites, wound healing, and migraines.
This oil is a common preparation in many herbal remedy collections and is often used in aromatherapy. Its widespread use is attributed to its ability to provide relief from coughs and other respiratory issues. Cymbopogon nardus essential oil is commonly obtained from the rhizomes and leaves of the plant.
The process of distillation is required to extract the essential oil, which can be considered moderately difficult to produce due to the need for specialized equipment and expertise.
Below you find an image of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Cymbopogon nardus essential oil.
- Harvest fresh Cymbopogon nardus rhizomes and leaves from a pesticide-free area.
- Dry the rhizomes and leaves in a warm, well-ventilated area to reduce moisture content.
- Crush the dried rhizomes and leaves to release their oils and flavor compounds.
- Steam distill the crushed rhizomes and leaves to separate the essential oil from water.
- Collect and filter the Cymbopogon nardus herbal essential oil, and store it in a dark glass bottle.
Tincture
Cymbopogon nardus tincture is commonly used to treat various health issues, including digestive problems, skin irritation, insect bites, fungal infections, respiratory issues, gastrointestinal problems, allergies, wounds and cold sores.
This preparation is widely used due to its effectiveness and accessibility. One of its common effects is its ability to reduce inflammation and alleviate pain. Cymbopogon nardus tincture is typically made with rhizomes and leaves of the Cymbopogon nardus plant.
The process of making this tincture is moderately difficult, requiring a combination of plant material, a solvent and sufficient time for extraction.
Below you find an image of Cymbopogon nardus tincture.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Cymbopogon nardus tincture.
- Harvest and dry the Cymbopogon nardus rhizomes and leaves to ensure optimal potency.
- Grind the dried rhizomes and leaves into a fine powder to enhance extraction.
- Combine the powdered rhizomes and leaves with a solvent, such as ethanol or glycerin, in a clean glass jar.
- Steep the mixture in a cool, dark place for several weeks, shaking the jar regularly to facilitate extraction.
- Strain the tincture through a cheesecloth or coffee filter into a clean glass bottle, discarding the solids.
Salve
Cymbopogon nardus salve is a topical preparation used to treat various skin issues, including wounds, skin irritation, burns, rashes, insect bites, and fungal infections.
It's a widely used remedy due to its effectiveness and availability. One of the common effects of this salve is its ability to soothe and calm irritated skin. The preparation is typically made from the rhizomes and leaves of the Cymbopogon nardus plant, which are rich in essential oils.
However, the process of extracting and combining these ingredients to create the salve is considered complex and time-consuming, requiring specialized knowledge and equipment to produce a high-quality final product.
Below you find an image of Cymbopogon nardus salve.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Cymbopogon nardus salve.
- Gather and dry Cymbopogon nardus rhizomes and leaves, if necessary.
- Mince the dried rhizomes and leaves into a fine, uniform texture.
- Combine the minced rhizomes and leaves with a carrier oil in a heat-resistant glass jar and place it in a double boiler.
- Heat the mixture gently, allowing the essential oils to infuse into the carrier oil for several hours or overnight.
- Strain the infused oil through a cheesecloth or a coffee filter into a clean container, discard the solids and let the salve cool and solidify.
Tea
Cymbopogon nardus tea is a popular herbal remedy used to treat various health issues, including sleep disorders, stress, anxiety, digestive problems, inflammation, fever, and menstrual issues.
It's widely used due to its effectiveness and common availability. The common effect of this tea is its ability to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety levels. This tea is typically made with the leaves and rhizomes of the Cymbopogon nardus plant.
Making Cymbopogon nardus tea is relatively easy, as it can be prepared by steeping the dried leaves and rhizomes in hot water.
Below you find an image of Cymbopogon nardus tea.
Below you find a 5-step quick procedure to make effective medicinal Cymbopogon nardus tea.
- Gather fresh Cymbopogon nardus leaves and rhizomes from a trusted source.
- Rinse the leaves and rhizomes thoroughly with clean water to remove any dirt or impurities.
- Combine the leaves and rhizomes in a large pot and add enough water to cover the herbal ingredients.
- Bring the mixture to a boil, then reduce the heat and let it simmer for 10-15 minutes.
- Strain the tea into a separate container and discard the solids, serving the herbal tea hot or cold as desired.
What are the possible side effects of Cymbopogon nardus if used improperly?
The possible side effects of improperly using Cymbopogon nardus are experience phototoxicity, suffer from dermatitis, and develop contact allergy due to the plant's phototoxic compounds that can cause severe skin reactions upon exposure to sunlight.
Inhibiting platelet aggregation can lead to prolonged bleeding and bruising, a condition that may be exacerbated by interactions with anticoagulant medications. This can worsen hypertension in individuals with pre-existing high blood pressure.
Cymbopogon nardus can also cause uterine contractions, exacerbate peptic ulcers, trigger allergic reactions, and induce liver damage, particularly when consumed in large quantities or in conjunction with other medications.
The most common side effects Cymbopogon nardus gives people when used improperly are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Experience Phototoxicity: Exposure to sunlight triggers a skin reaction after exposure to Cymbopogon nardus, leading to blistering, rashes, and discoloration.
- Suffer From Dermatitis: Contact dermatitis occurs after skin contact with Cymbopogon nardus oil or plant material.
- Develop Contact Allergy: Contact with Cymbopogon nardus essential oil causes skin sensitization leading to allergic contact dermatitis.
- Inhibit Platelet Aggregation: Cymbopogon nardus contains nardosinone, a compound that inhibits platelet aggregation by blocking thromboxane A2 receptors.
- Interact With Anticoagulant Medications: Cymbopogon nardus may enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other anticoagulant medications.
- Worsen Hypertension: Cymbopogon nardus increases blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.
- Cause Uterine Contractions: Essential oil from Cymbopogon nardus stimulates uterine smooth muscle leading to contractions.
- Exacerbate Peptic Ulcers: Cymbopogon nardus essential oil ingestion worsens peptic ulcers.
- Trigger Allergic Reactions: Essential oils derived from Cymbopogon nardus cause an immune system response in individuals with allergies.
- Induce Liver Damage: Cymbopogon nardus contains compounds that can cause liver damage due to hepatotoxicity.
What are the precautions to take before using Cymbopogon nardus medicinally?
The precautions to take before using Cymbopogon nardus medicinally are to consult a healthcare professional to ensure safe and effective use, determine safe dosage to avoid adverse effects, as excessive consumption can lead to increased heart rate and blood pressure, which should be monitored regularly.
Furthermore, be aware of interactions with medications, particularly those that lower blood pressure, as Cymbopogon nardus can have additive effects. It is also essential to avoid using it during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as there is limited research on its safety during these periods, and watch for allergic reactions, such as skin irritation and respiratory issues. Additionally, use Cymbopogon nardus in well-ventilated areas to prevent the buildup of its potent essential oils, and avoid contact with eyes and skin, as it can cause irritation and allergic reactions.
Finally, do not use it for extended periods and store it in a secure location to prevent accidental ingestion and unauthorized use.
The most important precautions you must take before using Cymbopogon nardus for medicinal purposes are listed below, along with a brief explanation.
- Consult A Healthcare Professional: Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should consult a healthcare professional before using Cymbopogon nardus due to lack of safety data.
- Determine Safe Dosage: Establish a range of 0.05-0.1% essential oil concentration for topical application and 0.01-0.02% for internal use, based on EOs' potency and individual tolerance.
- Monitor Blood Pressure: High doses of Cymbopogon nardus oil may cause hypotension, which can lead to decreased blood pressure.
- Be Aware Of Interactions With Medications: Cymbopogon nardus contains coumarin which interacts with anticoagulant medications.
- Avoid During Pregnancy And Breastfeeding: Cymbopogon nardus essential oil is contraindicated due to potential uterine stimulation and other safety concerns.
- Watch For Allergic Reactions: Some individuals experience allergic dermatitis or contact dermatitis due to skin contact with the essential oil of Cymbopogon nardus.
- Use In Well-Ventilated Areas: Prevents inhalation of essential oil vapors.
- Avoid Contact With Eyes And Skin: Contact with eyes and skin can cause irritation and allergic reactions due to the presence of essential oils.
- Do Not Use For Extended Periods: Prolonged use can cause skin irritation, allergic reactions, and contact dermatitis due to the essential oil's high citral content.
- Store In A Secure Location: Cymbopogon nardus should be stored in a location protected from unauthorized access.
