What to know about Cymbopogon martini (lemongrass) before using it medicinally

Cymbopogon martini, commonly known as lemongrass, is a herb renowned for its exceptional health properties, including its ability to lower blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and possess antioxidant properties that improve overall well-being.

In terms of horticulture, lemongrass is a tropical grass that thrives in warm and humid environments, and is often cultivated for its essential oils, which are used in aromatherapy and perfumery. Botanically, Cymbopogon martini is a member of the Poaceae family, characterized by its long, slender stems and distinctive citrus-scented leaves.

Historically, lemongrass has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, with ancient references to its use found in Ayurvedic and Chinese healing practices.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Cymbopogon martini.

What are the medicinal properties of Cymbopogon martini?

Cymbopogon martini helps with various health issues, including fever reduction, digestion, and stress relief. It is also used to treat headaches, body aches, and skin conditions. Its oil is used in aromatherapy to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation.

The active constituents of lemongrass include citral, geranial, and limonene, which are responsible for its medicinal properties. These compounds have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiseptic activities, contributing to its therapeutic effects.

The most commonly used parts of the lemongrass plant for medicinal purposes are the leaves and the essential oil extracted from them. The leaves are used in teas, soups, and infusions, while the essential oil is used topically or in aromatherapy.

Ingestion of lemongrass oil in high amounts can lead to dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Prolonged use of lemongrass essential oil can also cause skin irritation and allergic reactions. Improper use of lemongrass can worsen underlying health conditions.

Precautions when using lemongrass medicinally include avoiding its use in pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as in people with liver or kidney disease. Also, lemongrass oil should be diluted before applying it to the skin, and its use should be avoided in children under two years old.

What are the horticulural aspects of Cymbopogon martini?

Cymbopogon martini grow best in tropical and subtropical regions with average temperatures between 25-35°C (77-95°F). It thrives in full sun to partial shade and requires well-drained soil with a pH between 5.5-7.5. High humidity is essential for optimal growth.

For planting, choose fresh lemongrass stalks with at least two nodes. Plant them 15-20 cm deep in the soil, leaving only the top 5-7 cm exposed. Space plants 30-60 cm apart and water thoroughly. Mulching around the base helps retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Harvesting typically occurs when lemongrass reaches 60-90 cm in height, usually around 3-6 months after planting. Cut the entire plant just above a node using sharp pruning tools, leaving a small portion of stem intact. Regular harvesting encourages bushy growth and promotes new stalks.

Common pests affecting lemongrass include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Fungal diseases such as root rot, leaf spot, and powdery mildew can also occur due to excessive moisture or poor air circulation. Regular monitoring and proper maintenance help prevent infestations and infections.

What are the botanical aspects of Cymbopogon martini?

Cymbopogon martini is a perennial grass that grows to a height of 1.5-2.5 meters, with a diameter of 30-60 mm, having narrow, linear leaves with a central vein and a prominent midrib, and a tufted inflorescence.

Cymbopogon martini belongs to the family Poaceae, subfamily Panicoideae, tribe Andropogoneae, subtribe Rhipidocladinae, and is classified as Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will. ex Steud., which is a species of grass that is native to Southeast Asia. This plant is characterized by its unique combination of morphological and anatomical features.

Several variants of Cymbopogon martini have been identified, including 'Citronella' and 'East Indian', which are often cultivated for their essential oil, which is used in perfumery and as an insect repellent. These variants differ slightly in their growth habits, leaf shapes, and essential oil composition.

Cymbopogon martini is native to India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia, but has been widely naturalized and cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including Africa, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil.

The life cycle of Cymbopogon martini involves a dormant period during winter, followed by a growth period during spring and summer, during which the plant produces new shoots, leaves, and flowers. The flowers are wind-pollinated, and the seeds are dispersed by wind and water. The plant can be harvested for its leaves and essential oil throughout the year.

What are the historical aspects of Cymbopogon martini?

Cymbopogon martini is a tropical grass native to Asia and has been used for centuries in traditional medicine, perfumery, and culinary purposes. Its leaves and stems are used to make tea, infusions, and essential oils. In ancient India, lemongrass was used to treat digestive issues and fever.

In Hindu mythology, lemongrass is associated with the goddess Lakshmi, who is said to be born from the ocean and is often depicted surrounded by lemongrass. In some mythological stories, lemongrass is also associated with the god Indra, who is said to have used its oil for anointing. Lemongrass is also mentioned in the epic poem, the Mahabharata.

In many cultures, lemongrass is considered a symbol of prosperity, purification, and protection. Its oil is often used in rituals and ceremonies to ward off evil spirits. In some African cultures, lemongrass is used as a symbol of hospitality and is often displayed in homes and public spaces.

Historical texts, such as the Ayurvedic text, the Charaka Samhita, and the Unani text, the Canon of Medicine by Avicenna, mention lemongrass as a medicinal herb. The text, the Perfume and Fragrance of the Ancient Greeks by Theophrastus, describes the use of lemongrass oil in perfumery. The text, the Travels of Marco Polo, describes the use of lemongrass tea in China.

Historical artifacts, such as the ancient Chinese ceramic vessels and the Indian Ayurvedic texts, depict the use of lemongrass in traditional medicine. In the 19th century, lemongrass was introduced to the West and became popular in perfumery and aromatherapy. Today, lemongrass is widely cultivated and used in many industries, including food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.