What to know about Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) before using it medicinally

Cymbopogon citratus, commonly known as lemongrass, is a herb that has been extensively studied for its numerous health-promoting properties, including its potent antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, which can help alleviate digestive issues and reduce the severity of various skin conditions.

As a hardy, tropical grass, lemongrass is relatively easy to cultivate and requires minimal maintenance, making it a popular choice for gardeners and herbalists alike. From a botanical standpoint, lemongrass belongs to the Poaceae family and is characterized by its long, slender stems and citrus-scented leaves.

Historically, lemongrass has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, with ancient civilizations such as the Chinese and Indians relying on its therapeutic properties to treat a range of ailments.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Cymbopogon citratus.

What are the medicinal properties of Cymbopogon citratus?

Cymbopogon citratus helps with reducing anxiety and stress, relieving pain and inflammation, and promoting digestive health. It is also used to treat fever, cough, and respiratory infections. Its essential oils exhibit antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

The active constituents of Cymbopogon citratus include citral, geraniol, and beta-pinene, which contribute to its medicinal properties. Citral has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties, while geraniol exhibits antispasmodic and antihistaminic activities.

The parts of the plant most used for medicinal purposes are the leaves, which are rich in essential oils, and the rhizomes, which are used for their antimicrobial properties. The leaves are often used to make teas, while the rhizomes are used to make capsules or extracts.

When used improperly, Cymbopogon citratus can cause side effects such as allergic reactions, digestive upset, and skin irritation. In rare cases, it can also interact with medications, such as blood thinners and diabetes medications.

To use Cymbopogon citratus medicinally, one must take proper precautions, such as consulting a healthcare professional, especially for pregnant or breastfeeding women, and those with underlying medical conditions. Additionally, it is essential to use high-quality products and follow recommended dosages to avoid adverse effects.

What are the horticulural aspects of Cymbopogon citratus?

Cymbopogon citratus grow well in tropical and subtropical regions, requiring full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Temperatures between 64°F and 90°F (18°C and 32°C) are ideal for growth.

To plant lemongrass, choose a location with good air circulation and water thoroughly before planting. Sow seeds 1/4 inch deep and 12 inches apart, or divide mature plants in spring or fall. Water regularly and fertilize with a balanced fertilizer.

Lemongrass is typically ready for harvest 6-8 months after planting, when the stalks reach 3 feet in height. Cut the stalks at the base, leaving a small portion of the leaves intact to promote regrowth. Harvest regularly to encourage new growth.

Common pests affecting lemongrass include the lemongrass caterpillar and the aphid, while diseases such as rust, leaf spot, and root rot can also occur. Regular watering and pruning can help prevent root rot, while the use of neem oil can control aphid infestations.

What are the botanical aspects of Cymbopogon citratus?

Cymbopogon citratus is a perennial herb that grows up to 1.8 meters in height, with a tufted and rounded shape. Its leaves are linear-lanceolate, 30-120 cm long, and 1-2.5 cm wide, with a waxy texture and a prominent midrib.

The taxonomical classification of Cymbopogon citratus is as follows: Kingdom: Plantae, Clade: Angiosperms, Clade: Monocots, Order: Poales, Family: Poaceae, Genus: Cymbopogon, Species: C. citratus.

Several variants of Cymbopogon citratus have been identified, including 'East Indian', 'West Indian', and 'Thai', which differ in their growth habits and essential oil composition.

Cymbopogon citratus is native to tropical Asia, but has been naturalized in many parts of the world, including Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Islands. It grows in a variety of environments, from wet to dry, and is often found in areas with full sun.

The life cycle of Cymbopogon citratus is characterized by a vegetative phase, where the plant produces new shoots and leaves, and a reproductive phase, where the plant produces flower stalks, followed by seed set. The plant can be harvested at any stage, but the essential oil is extracted from the leaves during the vegetative phase.

What are the historical aspects of Cymbopogon citratus?

Cymbopogon citratus is an herb with a long history of use in traditional medicine. It has been employed to treat digestive issues, fever, and rheumatism in various cultures. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is used to balance the three doshas. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to treat cold and flu symptoms.

In Hindu mythology, lemongrass is associated with the god of love, Kamadeva. He is said to have been burned to ashes by the fire god Agni and later revived from the ashes of lemongrass. In Thai mythology, lemongrass is associated with the god of the forest, Phra Pi Nu. He is said to have been worshipped with lemongrass offerings.

Lemongrass has various symbolic meanings in different cultures. In Africa, it is associated with purification and protection. In Southeast Asia, it is associated with good fortune and prosperity. In India, it is associated with fertility and abundance. In ancient Egypt, it was associated with the goddess Isis.

The historical texts that mention lemongrass include the Ayurvedic text Charaka Samhita, which dates back to the 4th century AD. The Chinese text Shennong Ben Cao Jing, which dates back to the 2nd century AD, also mentions lemongrass. In the ancient Egyptian text Ebers Papyrus, lemongrass is listed as a medicinal plant.

Archaeological artifacts that feature lemongrass include ancient Thai ceramics and textiles, which depict lemongrass as a motif. In ancient Indian art, lemongrass is depicted as a offering to the gods. In African art, lemongrass is depicted as a symbol of protection and purification.