Cratoxylum sumatranum

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Elodes sumatrana

Sources: Wikidata

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Malpighiales, it is classified under the family Hypericaceae. Ultimately, it is identified by its genus, Cratoxylum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is widely distributed across the diverse landscapes of the Malesia botanical region. It can be found growing within the tropical forests of Borneo. Its presence extends to the island of Jawa, contributing to the local biodiversity. The species also inhabits the various islands of the Lesser Sunda archipelago. Finally, its geographical range includes the territories of Malaya and the Philippines.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Cratoxylum sumatranum is characterized by its status as a perennial organism, allowing it to persist in its ecosystem over many years. Throughout its developmental stages, the plant exhibits a deciduous nature, undergoing seasonal shedding of its foliage as part of its physiological cycle.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Cratoxylum sumatranum is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree. It exhibits a significant vertical dimension, with a documented mean plant height of 43 m and a maximum height reaching up to 12 m. In terms of its structural habit, the plant is categorized as a self-supporting organism, possessing a woody constitution that allows it to maintain its stature without the need for climbing mechanisms such as lianas or vines.

Climber :

self-supporting

Growth form :

tree

Plant height max:

12 m

Plant height mean:

43 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Cratoxylum sumatranum is characterized by its specific metabolic and nutritional processes, primarily utilizing a C3 photosynthetic pathway for carbon fixation. This indicates that the plant fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle, utilizing the enzyme RuBisCO to facilitate the conversion of CO2 into organic compounds, which is typical for many tropical woody species. In terms of nutrient acquisition, the plant does not function as a nitrogen fixer; it lacks the specialized symbiotic relationship with diazotrophic bacteria, such as Rhizobium, required to convert atmospheric nitrogen into bioavailable forms, and instead relies on the uptake of nitrates and ammonium from the soil through its root system.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Cratoxylum sumatranum is characterized by a biotic pollination syndrome, indicating a biological reliance on living organisms to facilitate the transfer of pollen. This reproductive process is primarily driven by insect pollination, involving a diverse array of animal vectors to ensure genetic exchange. Specifically, the plant utilizes a range of insect interactions, including involvement from bees, beetles, ants, butterflies, moths, and flies, which serve as the primary agents for successful fertilization.

Pollination syndrome :

insect

Pollination syndrome :

biotic

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Cratoxylum sumatranum has 2 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include leaf, stem.

Leaf

1. Journal of natural products

Stem

1. Journal of natural products

Chemicals

Cratoxylum sumatranum has 10 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include CRATOXYARBORENONE A, CRATOXYARBORENONE B, CRATOXYARBORENONE C, CRATOXYARBORENONE D, CRATOXYARBORENONE F.

CRATOXYARBORENONE A

1. Journal of natural products

CRATOXYARBORENONE B

1. Journal of natural products

CRATOXYARBORENONE C

1. Journal of natural products

CRATOXYARBORENONE D

1. Journal of natural products

CRATOXYARBORENONE F

1. Journal of natural products

CRATOXYARBOREQUINONE B

1. Journal of natural products

Cratoxyarborenone E

1. Journal of natural products

Cratoxyarborequinone A

1. Journal of natural products

VISMIONE B

1. Journal of natural products

delta-Tocotrienol

1. Journal of natural products