hawthorn

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• hawthorn
• Haw
• Haws
• Hybrid cockspur thorn
• Thornapple
• hawthorns

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Sportella
• Xeromalon
• Phalacros
• Mespilus
• Oxyacantha
• + Crataegomespilus
• × Crataemespilus
• Halmia
• Anthomeles

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Rosales and the family Rosaceae, it is classified under the genus Crataegus.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is widely distributed across several regions within Northern Europe. Specifically, its presence can be noted throughout the coastal and inland areas of Denmark. It also grows naturally within the expansive landscapes of Finland. Furthermore, the species is commonly found across the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, its geographical range extends into the rugged terrains of Norway.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Plant Parts

Crataegus has 3 reported plant parts identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include fruit, flower, leaf.

Fruit

1. Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a Magyar Pszichofarmakologiai Egyesulet lapja = official journal of the Hungarian Association of Psychopharmacology
2. Journal of ethnopharmacology
3. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
4. Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
5. International journal of biological macromolecules

Flower

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Leaf

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology
2. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Chemicals

Crataegus has 33 reported phytochemicals identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Flavonoids, Ursolic acid, BA, CD, CHLOROGENIC ACID.

Flavonoids

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France)
3. Journal of ethnopharmacology
4. Arzneimittel-Forschung
5. Fortschritte der Medizin

Ursolic acid

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Frontiers in pharmacology

BA

1. The Science of the total environment

CD

1. The Science of the total environment

CHLOROGENIC ACID

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

CR

1. The Science of the total environment

CU

1. The Science of the total environment

Epicatechin

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Epicatechol

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

FE

1. The Science of the total environment

Activities

Crataegus has 11 reported activities identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Anticancer, Antioxidant, Antiarrhythmic, Antihypertensive, Antitumor.

Anticancer

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Frontiers in pharmacology

Antioxidant

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Antiarrhythmic

1. American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions

Antihypertensive

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Antitumor

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Cardioprotective

1. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Chemopreventive

1. Food chemistry

Cytoprotective

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Hypoglycemic

1. IBRO reports

Hypolipidemic

1. IBRO reports

Conditions

Crataegus has 36 reported investigations on conditions identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include anxiety, cancer, cholesterol, inflammation, DNA damage.

Anxiety

1. Revista de enfermeria (Barcelona, Spain)
2. Recent patents on biotechnology

Cancer

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Frontiers in pharmacology

Cholesterol

1. IBRO reports
2. Frontiers in nutrition

Inflammation

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Nutrients

Dna damage

1. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)

Atherosclerosis

1. The American journal of Chinese medicine

Blood glucose

1. IBRO reports

Blood sugar

1. Frontiers in nutrition

Cardiovascular diseases

1. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Congestive heart failure

1. Fortschritte der Medizin

Preparations

Crataegus has 19 reported preparations identified across 11 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include Crataegus extract, tincture, OPC-rich fraction C, WS-1442, aqueous extracts.

Crataegus extract

1. IBRO reports
2. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Tincture

1. Indian journal of biochemistry & biophysics
2. Atherosclerosis

Opc-rich fraction c

1. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Ws-1442

1. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Aqueous extracts

1. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica

Canned fruit

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Extract of leaves and blooms

1. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Extracts

1. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Hawthorn extract li 132

1. Arzneimittel-Forschung

Jam

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)