What to know about Corchorus olitorius (jute) before using it medicinally

Corchorus olitorius, commonly known as jute, is a nutrient-rich herb that has been used for centuries to boost overall health and well-being due to its high content of vitamins A, C, and E, as well as minerals such as potassium and iron.

This versatile herb is easy to grow and can thrive in a variety of climates and soil conditions, making it a popular choice for gardeners and farmers. Botanically speaking, Corchorus olitorius is a member of the Malvaceae family and is characterized by its distinctive green leaves and tender shoots, which are often harvested for culinary and medicinal use.

With ancient roots in traditional medicine and cuisine, Corchorus olitorius has been referenced in the Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems of India and the Middle East, as well as in African and Asian folk remedies.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Corchorus olitorius.

What are the medicinal properties of Corchorus olitorius?

Corchorus olitorius helps with various medicinal applications, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. It is used to treat gastrointestinal issues, diarrhea, and fever. The plant has also been traditionally used to treat skin conditions and wounds.

The active constituents responsible for the medicinal properties of Corchorus olitorius are mucilages, flavonoids, and saponins. Mucilages contribute to its anti-inflammatory and soothing effects, while flavonoids exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Saponins have been shown to have antitumor and immunomodulatory properties.

The most commonly used parts of the plant for medicinal purposes are the leaves and stems. The leaves are rich in mucilages and are used to treat digestive issues, while the stems contain flavonoids and are used to treat fever and skin conditions.

Improper use of Corchorus olitorius can lead to gastrointestinal side effects, including nausea and diarrhea. Allergic reactions, such as skin rashes and itching, may also occur in some individuals.

Precautions should be taken when using Corchorus olitorius medicinally, including pregnancy and breastfeeding warnings. Additionally, individuals with gastrointestinal issues or allergies should consult a healthcare professional before using the plant for medicinal purposes.

What are the horticulural aspects of Corchorus olitorius?

Corchorus olitorius grow in a warm and humid climate with a temperature range of 25-35°C. It thrives in well-drained soil with a pH of 5.5-6.5 and a rainfall of 500-1000 mm per annum.

To plant Corchorus olitorius, seeds are sown 1-2 cm deep in nursery beds in a row and 10-20 cm apart. The seedlings are transplanted to the main field when they are 10-15 cm tall. A spacing of 30-60 cm is maintained between plants.

Harvesting of Corchorus olitorius is done when the plants are 30-60 cm tall and the leaves are tender. The leaves are picked regularly to encourage new growth and prevent flowering. The stalks are harvested when mature, usually 3-4 months after sowing.

Common pests affecting Corchorus olitorius include the aphid, jassid, and whitefly, while diseases include leaf spot, powdery mildew, and root rot, caused by pathogens such as Cercospora, Oidium, and Pythium.

What are the botanical aspects of Corchorus olitorius?

Corchorus olitorius is a tropical perennial herbaceous plant that belongs to the family Malvaceae. It has a taproot and a height of 1-2 meters. Leaves are ovate-lanceolate with entire margins and 5-9 cm long.

Taxonomically, Corchorus olitorius is classified as Corchorus olitorius Linn. (1753) in the order Malvales. The family Malvaceae is a large group of flowering plants that includes hibiscus, okra, and cotton. Corchorus olitorius is a member of the tribe Grewieae within the family.

Variants of Corchorus olitorius include C. olitorius var. microphyllus and C. olitorius var. angustifolius. These variants differ in their leaf morphology and are found in different regions of the plant's native range. C. olitorius var. microphyllus has narrower leaves, while C. olitorius var. angustifolius has leaves with a longer petiole.

Corchorus olitorius is native to tropical Africa and Asia. It is widely cultivated in India, Bangladesh, and Southeast Asia. It is also naturalized in the Pacific Islands, the Caribbean, and the southern United States.

The life cycle of Corchorus olitorius begins with germination, which occurs in 10-14 days. The plant grows vegetatively for 6-8 weeks, producing leaves and stems. After flowering, which occurs in 8-10 weeks, the plant produces seeds in 3-4 months. The seeds can be harvested after they have matured and dried.

What are the historical aspects of Corchorus olitorius?

Corchorus olitorius is a plant that has been used for various purposes throughout history. Its leaves have been consumed as a vegetable, particularly in African and Asian cultures. It is also used as a fiber crop for manufacturing textiles. In addition, its seeds are edible.

In ancient Greek mythology, the plant was associated with the goddess Demeter, who was revered as the patron of agriculture and fertility. The plant's association with fertility was likely due to its prolific growth and high yield. In some cultures, the plant was considered a symbol of prosperity.

In many cultures, Corchorus olitorius has been imbued with symbolic meanings. In Hinduism, the plant is associated with the goddess Kali, who is revered as the destroyer of evil. In some African cultures, the plant is seen as a symbol of strength and resilience. It is also associated with fertility and abundance in many cultures.

The ancient Greek historian, Theophrastus, wrote about the plant's cultivation and use in his book "Enquiry into Plants". The Roman naturalist, Pliny the Elder, also mentioned the plant's use in his book "Naturalis Historia". In addition, the plant is mentioned in several ancient Indian texts, including the Ayurvedic text, the Charaka Samhita.

The discovery of ancient artifacts has provided valuable insights into the use of Corchorus olitorius throughout history. Archaeological excavations in Egypt have uncovered evidence of the plant's use in ancient times, including papyrus scrolls and tomb paintings that depict the plant. In addition, ancient Indian artifacts, such as pottery and jewelry, have been found to contain fibers from the plant.