Indian bdellium-tree
Commiphora wightii · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Extensive (486 studies) · ★★★★★
Indian bdellium-tree, scientifically known as Commiphora wightii, is a precious medicinal plant renowned for its aromatic resin. Found primarily in dry deciduous forests, it offers diverse therapeutic benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. This species remains vital in traditional medicine for treating various skin and digestive ailments.
- Family
- Burseraceae
- Native range
- Asia-Temperate
- Parts used
- Leaf · Root
- Common names
- Indian Bdellium-Tree
- Scientific synonyms
- Balsamodendrum Wightii · Balsamea Mukul · 3 more
Names
Common Names
- Indian bdellium-tree
Regional and Traditional Names
Spanish:
- Balsamodendron roxburghii
- Goma de guggul
- Guggul
- Balsamodendron wightii
- Commiphora mukul
- Commiphora roxburghii
- Mukul
- Balsamodendron mukul
German:
- Guggul
- Bdellium
- Loban
- Bedolachharz
- Bedellium
- Gum guggulu
- indische Myrrhe
French:
- Gugul
- Gugulon
- Commiphora mukkul
- Guggul
- Commiphora mukul
- Guggulu
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Commiphora wightiiSynonyms
- Balsamodendrum wightii
- Balsamea mukul
- Commiphora roxburghii var. serratifolia
- Balsamodendrum mukul
- Commiphora mukul
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, specifically categorized within the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Following the order Sapindales, it is a member of the Burseraceae family. Ultimately, it is classified under the genus Commiphora as the species Commiphora wightii.
| Rank | Classification | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae | WCVP |
| Phylum | Streptophyta | WCVP |
| Class | Equisetopsida | WCVP |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae | WCVP |
| Order | Sapindales | WCVP |
| Family | Burseraceae | WCVP |
| Genus | Commiphora | WCVP |
Distribution
This plant, known scientifically as Commiphora wightii, exhibits a specific geographical range spanning across diverse regions. Within the Arabian Peninsula, its presence is noted in the country of Oman. Moving toward the Indian Subcontinent, the species is also widely distributed throughout India. Additionally, it can be found growing in the landscapes of Pakistan. These locations highlight the plant's ability to thrive in specific environments across both the Middle East and South Asia.
| Region | Area | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Arabian Peninsula | Oman | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | India | WCVP |
| Indian Subcontinent | Pakistan | WCVP |
Plant Parts
This plant, Commiphora wightii, is valued primarily for its exudates, which are harvested from the stem and bark of the tree. The most significant medicinal components are the resins and the oleo-gum resin produced by the plant as a defense mechanism. When the bark is wounded, it exudes a sticky substance known as gum resin, which contains a complex mixture of aromatic compounds used in traditional healing practices. While much of the focus is on these secretions, the root system also plays a vital role in the overall biological structure and survival of the species in its natural habitat.| Plant Part | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| leaf | SpringerPlus (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| root | Genome announcements (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| stem | SpringerPlus (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Chemicals
Commiphora wightii has 56 reported phytochemicals identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Guggulsterone, Z-Guggulsterone, guggulipid, Sterols, ZN.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Guggulsterone | 9 supporting sources | ★★★★☆ |
| Z-Guggulsterone | 4 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| guggulipid | 3 supporting sources | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Sterols | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ZN | 2 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| (+)-Sesamin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 20-alpha-hydroxy-Pregn-4-en-3-one | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 5-Methoxysesamin | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ALUMINUM | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Anti Bacterial | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Guggulsterone
- Molecular cancer therapeutics
- RSC medicinal chemistry
- Advances in experimental medicine and biology
- Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
- Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy
View 4 additional sources
- Life (Basel, Switzerland)
- Cell biology international
- Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology
- Cancer research
Z-Guggulsterone
- Journal of chromatographic science
- Molecular pharmacology
- Molecular cancer therapeutics
- Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology
guggulipid
- Dr. Duke
- Phytotherapy research : PTR
- Drug research
Sterols
- Phytochemistry
- Phytotherapy research : PTR
ZN
- Biological trace element research
- SpringerPlus
(+)-Sesamin
- Dr. Duke
20-alpha-hydroxy-Pregn-4-en-3-one
- Dr. Duke
5-Methoxysesamin
- Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics
ALUMINUM
- Dr. Duke
Anti Bacterial
- Fitoterapia
Activities
Commiphora wightii has 316 reported activities identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Hypolipidemic, Antimutagenic, Antitumor.
Most Reported Activities
| Activity | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| Antioxidant | Dr. Duke (and other 8 sources) | ★★★★☆ |
| Antibacterial | Dr. Duke (and other 5 sources) | ★★★☆☆ |
| Hypolipidemic | Dr. Duke (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| Antimutagenic | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Antitumor | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Cardioprotective | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Diuretic | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Hypocholesterolemic | Dr. Duke (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 11B-HSD-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| 5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor | Dr. Duke (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Medicinal Uses
Commiphora wightii has 24 reported medicinal uses identified across 3 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported uses include obesity, arthritis, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia.
Most Reported Uses
| Use | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| obesity | Journal of postgraduate medicine (and other 5 sources) | ★★★☆☆ |
| arthritis | Planta medica (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| atherosclerosis | Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| cardiovascular diseases | Planta medica (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| hyperlipidemia | Alternative therapies in health and medicine (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| inflammation | Planta medica (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Acne | Drug research (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | Current topics in medicinal chemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Uveitis | Current topics in medicinal chemistry (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| acne | Life (Basel, Switzerland) (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
Preparations
| Preparations | Sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| gum resin | Planta medica (and other 3 sources) | ★★☆☆☆ |
| oleo-gum resin | RSC medicinal chemistry (and other 2 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| Oleo gum resin | Phytotherapy research : PTR (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| capsules | Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| compounded tablets | Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crude ethyl acetate extract | International immunopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| crude extract | International immunopharmacology (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethanolic extracts | Avicenna journal of phytomedicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| ethylacetate extract | Journal of postgraduate medicine (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| fraction "A" of gum-guggual | Arzneimittel-Forschung (and other 1 sources) | ★☆☆☆☆ |