Combretum quadrangulare

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Myrtales, it is classified under the family Combretaceae. Finally, its specific taxonomic designation is within the genus Combretum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant is widely distributed throughout the Indo-China region. It can be found growing naturally in the country of Cambodia. Its presence is also well-documented across the landscapes of Laos and Myanmar. Furthermore, the species thrives within the diverse environments of Thailand. Finally, it is commonly distributed throughout Vietnam as well.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Combretum quadrangulare is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist in its environment through multiple growing seasons. As a woody climber or shrub, its development involves a long-term survival strategy where it establishes a robust structural framework to support its climbing habit. Depending on the environmental conditions and available resources, its growth pattern may exhibit variability, but it fundamentally maintains a continuous life cycle rather than completing its development within a single year. This perennial nature enables the plant to invest in extensive woody tissues and extensive root systems, facilitating long-term stability and the ability to recover from seasonal stressors.

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Combretum quadrangularis is characterized by its significant stature and robust structural development. It typically manifests as a woody tree, though it exhibits climbing tendencies, functioning as a self-supporting liana or vine. This growth form allows it to achieve a substantial plant height, with a mean height reaching approximately 10 m. The plant's physical structure is defined by its woody nature, providing the necessary stability for its climbing and tree-like growth habits.

Climber :

self-supporting

Growth form :

tree

Plant height mean:

10 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Combretum quadrangularis is characterized by its specialized metabolic processes and structural adaptations that support its growth in various tropical environments. As a woody climber, its physiological activity is driven by efficient photosynthetic pathways that facilitate rapid biomass production and the synthesis of complex secondary metabolites, such as tannins and flavonoids, which serve as defensive mechanisms. Regarding its nutrient acquisition strategies, the plant does not engage in symbiotic nitrogen fixation; therefore, it is not a nitrogen fixer (trait_1: no, trait_2: no). Instead, its physiological reliance on nitrogen is met through the uptake of nitrates and ammonium ions from the soil via an extensive root system. The plant also demonstrates specific transpiration and water-regulation mechanisms to maintain turgor pressure and facilitate the transport of nutrients through its vascular tissues, ensuring systemic physiological stability during varying environmental conditions.

Nitrogen fixer :

no

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Combretum quadrangulare has 2 reported plant parts identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include seed, leaf.

Seed

1. Journal of natural products
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin
3. Planta medica

Leaf

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

Chemicals

Combretum quadrangulare has 36 reported phytochemicals identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Vitexin, 5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone, 5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxyflavone, BETA-SITOSTEROL, Isokaempferide.

Vitexin

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
3. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

5,4'-dihydroxy-3,7,3'-trimethoxyflavone

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

5,7,4'-Trihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxyflavone

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

BETA-SITOSTEROL

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

Isokaempferide

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

KAMATAKENIN

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

betulinic acid

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

(+)-catechin

1. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

(-)-Epigallocatechin

1. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

1-O-Acetyl-23-deoxojessic acid

1. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

Activities

Combretum quadrangulare has 6 reported activities identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Hepatoprotective, Analgesic, Anthelmintic, Antidiabetic, Antidysenteric.

Hepatoprotective

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
2. Planta medica

Analgesic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Anthelmintic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antidiabetic

1. Biophysics and physicobiology

Antidysenteric

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antipyretic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Conditions

Combretum quadrangulare has 4 reported investigations on conditions identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include analgesic, antidiabetic, antipyretic, type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Analgesic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Antidiabetic

1. Biophysics and physicobiology

Antipyretic

1. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

1. Biophysics and physicobiology

Preparations

Combretum quadrangulare has 2 reported preparations identified across 5 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include MeOH extract, MeOH extract of leaves.

Meoh extract

1. Journal of natural products
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin

Meoh extract of leaves

1. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin
2. Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin