What to know about Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) before using it medicinally

Clitoria ternatea, commonly known as butterfly pea, is a herb renowned for its impressive array of health-promoting properties, including its ability to boost cognitive function, alleviate stress and anxiety, and even exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

In terms of horticulture, Clitoria ternatea is a tropical plant native to Southeast Asia that thrives in warm climates and is relatively easy to grow, making it a popular choice among gardeners. Botanically speaking, this herb belongs to the Fabaceae family and is characterized by its vibrant blue flowers and delicate, trailing stems.

Historically, Clitoria ternatea has been used for centuries in traditional medicine across various cultures, with ancient Ayurvedic and Chinese texts referencing its potential health benefits.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Clitoria ternatea.

What are the medicinal properties of Clitoria ternatea?

Clitoria ternatea helps with reducing inflammation, improving cognitive function, and as a natural remedy for anxiety and depression. It also has antioxidant and antidiabetic properties.

The active constituents responsible for its medicinal properties are apigenin, kaempferol, and quercetin. These compounds have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities.

The flowers, leaves, and roots of the plant are used for medicinal purposes. The flowers are rich in flavonoids and have been used to treat various health conditions, including fever and skin disorders.

When used improperly, Clitoria ternatea can cause dizziness, nausea, and allergic reactions in some individuals. Prolonged use can also lead to liver damage and interact with certain medications.

Precautions when using Clitoria ternatea include avoiding its use during pregnancy and breastfeeding due to its potential effects on the fetus and baby. Additionally, individuals with bleeding disorders or taking blood thinners should use it with caution.

What are the horticulural aspects of Clitoria ternatea?

Clitoria ternatea grow in full sun to partial shade in warm climates with average temperatures above 64°F (18°C). This climbing plant requires well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0 to thrive.

To plant Clitoria ternatea, choose a location with support, such as a trellis or fence, to allow the plant to climb. Plant seeds 1-2 inches deep and 6-8 inches apart in late spring or early summer, when the danger of frost has passed. Water regularly during the first year.

To harvest Clitoria ternatea, wait until the pods are dark blue and dry. Remove the pods from the plant and dry them further in a warm, dry place. The seeds are mature when the pods split open, revealing the dark blue seeds inside. Harvest the seeds in late fall or early winter.

Common pests that affect Clitoria ternatea include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and leaf spot can also occur. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of pests or disease and treat promptly with organic or chemical controls as needed.

What are the botanical aspects of Clitoria ternatea?

Clitoria ternatea is an herbaceous perennial plant native to tropical and subtropical regions. It has trifoliate leaves with three leaflets, each 5-10 cm long, and produces clusters of blue to purple flowers. The leaves and stems are pubescent, and the plant can grow up to 2 meters tall.

Clitoria ternatea is classified as follows: kingdom Plantae, phylum Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Fabales, family Fabaceae, genus Clitoria, and species C. ternatea. This classification reflects its evolutionary relationships and characteristics.

There are several variants of Clitoria ternatea, including 'blue' and 'white' flowered varieties, which differ in flower color but not in any other botanical characteristic. Other variants may have slightly different growth habits or leaf shapes, but these differences are relatively minor.

Clitoria ternatea is widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions, including Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. It is commonly found in fields, along roadsides, and in other disturbed areas with full sun to partial shade.

The life cycle of Clitoria ternatea typically begins in spring, when new growth emerges from underground tubers. The plant produces flowers in late spring, which are pollinated by bees and other insects. Seeds form and mature in late summer, after which the plant dies back to its underground storage organs.

What are the historical aspects of Clitoria ternatea?

Clitoria ternatea is a plant with a rich history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in Ayurvedic and Chinese practices, where it's valued for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

In Hindu mythology, the butterfly pea is associated with the god of love, Kamadeva, and is said to have the power to grant erotic visions. In Buddhist mythology, it's connected to the lotus flower, symbolizing spiritual growth and enlightenment.

The butterfly pea has been imbued with symbolic meanings across cultures, representing creativity, fertility, and spirituality. In some cultures, it's seen as a symbol of good luck and prosperity, while in others, it's associated with protection and strength.

Historical texts, such as the Charaka Samhita and the Materia Medica, describe the use of Clitoria ternatea in traditional medicine, highlighting its effects on the nervous system and its potential as a treatment for anxiety and insomnia.

Archaeological artifacts, including ancient Chinese ceramics and Indian temple carvings, feature depictions of the butterfly pea plant, demonstrating its significance in ancient cultures and its enduring importance in traditional medicine.