Clerodendrum villosum

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Clerodendrum confusum
• Clerodendrum curranii
• Clerodendrum ferrugineum
• Clerodendrum villosum var. macrocalyx

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and is classified under the phylum Streptophyta within the class Equisetopsida. Further taxonomic details place it in the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Lamiales, specifically within the family Lamiaceae. Finally, it is categorized under the genus Clerodendrum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical range spanning several distinct regions across Asia and Africa. In East Tropical Africa, its presence is specifically noted within Tanzania. Moving toward the Asian continent, it can be found in South-Central China and throughout the Indian Subcontinent, including Assam and Bangladesh. Additionally, its distribution extends into the Indo-China region, specifically within Cambodia. Consequently, these diverse locations highlight the wide environmental adaptability of the species.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Life history

The life history of Clerodendrum villosum is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. In terms of its structural growth habit and survival strategy, it is classified as a phanerophyte, maintaining its buds well above the ground level, while specifically exhibiting a nanophanerophyte life form due to its relatively low-growing woody stature.

Life form :

nanophanerophyte

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Clerodendrum villosum is characterized by its woody growth form, functioning as a self-supporting climber that can exhibit shrub-like or tree-like structural qualities depending on its environment. This terrestrial plant reaches a maximum height of approximately 2 meters and operates as an independent organism, showing no parasitic tendencies. As a non-epiphytic species, it maintains a terrestrial habit rather than growing as a holoepiphyte or hemiepiphyte, utilizing its woody stems to ascend and support its structure within its natural habitat.

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

shrub

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

2 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Clerodendrum villosum is fundamentally characterized by its metabolic processes, most notably its reliance on the C3 photosynthetic pathway for carbon fixation. As a C3 plant, the primary mechanism for capturing atmospheric carbon dioxide involves the direct carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) by the enzyme RuBisCO, leading to the immediate production of three-carbon molecules such as 3-phosphoglycerate. This pathway dictates the plant's efficiency in varying environmental conditions, particularly regarding its transpiration rates and water-use efficiency, as it lacks the specialized carbon-concentrating mechanisms found in C4 or CAM species. Furthermore, its physiological functions extend to the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, which are integrated into its metabolic framework to facilitate growth, defense, and adaptation to its specific ecological niche.

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

The reproduction of Clerodendrum villosum is characterized by specific morphological attributes of its seeds, which play a critical role in its dispersal and establishment within its ecosystem. Based on botanical data, the reproductive output of this species features highly consistent seed dimensions, showing no variance in weight across recorded samples. The seed mass is remarkably uniform, with a mean value of 0.026 g. This consistency is reflected in both the maximum and minimum recorded values, which both stand at exactly 0.026 g. This lack of deviation in seed mass suggests a highly stabilized reproductive strategy, ensuring that each individual seed carries a standardized amount of nutrient reserves to support early seedling development.

Seed mass mean:

0.026 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Clerodendrum villosum has 1 reported plant parts identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root.

Root

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Chemicals

Clerodendrum villosum has 7 reported phytochemicals identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Lupeol, Oleanolic acid 3-acetate, Pectolinarigenin, STIGMASTEROL, Taraxerol.

Lupeol

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Oleanolic acid 3-acetate

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Pectolinarigenin

1. Journal of integrative medicine

STIGMASTEROL

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Taraxerol

1. Journal of integrative medicine

betulinic acid

1. Journal of integrative medicine

triterpenoids

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Activities

Clerodendrum villosum has 1 reported activities identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antipyretic.

Antipyretic

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Conditions

Clerodendrum villosum has 2 reported investigations on conditions identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include antipyretic, cancer.

Antipyretic

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Cancer

1. Journal of integrative medicine

Preparations

Clerodendrum villosum has 1 reported preparations identified across 1 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include extracts of their roots.

Extracts of their roots

1. Journal of integrative medicine