harlequin gataxon comlorybower

Names and Synonyms

Common Names

• glorytree
• Chance Tree
• Harlequin glorybower

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Synonyms

• Siphonanthus trichotomus var. esculentus
• Clerodendrum trichotomum var. yakusimense
• Ovieda trichotoma
• Clerodendrum koshunense
• Siphonanthus trichotomus var. ferrugineus
• Clerodendrum trichotomum var. villosum
• Clerodendrum trichotomum f. albicarpum
• Clerodendrum trichotomum var. esculentum
• Clerodendrum trichotomum var. fargesii
• Siphonanthus trichotomus var. fargesii
• Clerodendrum trichotomum var. ferrugineum
• Siphonanthus trichotomus
• Clerodendrum serotinum
• Clerodendrum trichotomum var. tomentosum
• Clerodendrum yakusimense
• Siphonanthus yakusimensis
• Clerodendrum fargesii
• Clerodendrum trichotomum f. ferrugineum

Regional and Traditional Names

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Lamiales and the family Lamiaceae, it is classified under the genus Clerodendrum.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant exhibits a broad geographical range that spans across several distinct regions. In Europe, it can be found in Great Britain within Northern Europe and in Italy throughout Southeastern Europe. Its presence is also significant across various parts of China, including the South-Central regions and the island of Hainan. Furthermore, the species extends its reach into the Manchuria region of China. These diverse locations highlight the wide environmental adaptability of the species.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Clerodendrum trichotomum is characterized by its specific niche within montane ecosystems, where it thrives within a relatively narrow altitudinal band. This species is primarily found in high-altitude habitats, occupying an elevational range that begins at a minimum of 1960 m AMSL and extends up to a maximum of 2400 m AMSL. Within this specific vertical distribution, the plant adapts to the unique climatic conditions of the upper montane zones, benefiting from the moisture levels and temperature gradients typical of these elevations. Its presence within this defined range suggests a specialized adaptation to the environmental pressures found in mid-to-high altitude forest structures.

Elevational range max:

2400 m AMSL

Elevational range min:

1960 m AMSL

Life history

The life history of Clerodendrum trichotomum is characterized by its status as a perennial plant, allowing it to persist through multiple growing seasons. As a phanerophyte, it maintains its stem organs well above the ground, contributing to its structural presence in its ecosystem. This species exhibits a deciduous nature, shedding its foliage seasonally in response to environmental cues. Furthermore, its growth habit can be classified as a nanophanerophyte, reflecting its specific architectural scale and life strategy within its habitat.

Deciduousness :

deciduous

Life form :

nanophanerophyte

Life form :

phanerophyte

Lifecycle :

perennial

Morphology

The morphology of Clerodendrum trichotomum is characterized by its growth form as a woody tree, reaching a maximum plant height of approximately 6 m. As a terrestrial species, it does not exhibit aquatic, semiaquatic, or epiphytic lifestyles, nor does it function as a climber, being entirely self-supporting rather than acting as a liana or vine. The plant maintains an independent life cycle, functioning as a non-parasitic organism. Its structure is defined by its woody nature, providing the necessary support for its upright, tree-like habit.

Aquatic :

terrestrial

Climber :

self-supporting

Epiphyte :

terrestrial

Growth form :

tree

Parasite :

independent

Plant height max:

6 m

Woodiness :

woody

Physiology

The physiology of Clerodendrum trichotomum is characterized by a C3 photosynthetic pathway, which dictates its carbon fixation processes and metabolic efficiency. Its vegetative structure features leaves that exhibit an ovate form with entirely smooth margins, devoid of any thorns or spines. Morphologically, the leaf dimensions vary, with a maximum leaf length reaching up to 13.5 cm. The width of the leaves is consistent, maintaining a mean, minimum, and maximum measurement of 8.5 cm, providing a substantial surface area for light interception and gas exchange.

Leaf form :

ovate

Leaf length max:

13.5 cm

Leaf margin :

entire

Leaf spines :

no

Leaf thorns :

no

Leaf width mean:

8.5 cm

Photosynthetic pathway :

C3

Reproduction

Reproduction in Clerodendrum trichotomum involves both sexual and asexual mechanisms, as asexual reproduction is documented to be present in the species. The plant produces fruits that have an average length of 0.6 cm and an average width of 0.7 cm. Within these fruits, the seeds exhibit significant variability in mass, ranging from a minimum of 0.0168 g to a maximum of 0.08911 g, with a calculated mean seed mass of approximately 0.05538 g. The dispersal of these seeds is primarily characterized by a zoochorous syndrome, specifically utilizing endozoochory, which suggests that the seeds are dispersed through the digestive tracts of animals.

Dispersal syndrome :

zoochorous

Dispersal syndrome :

endozoochorous

Fruit length mean:

0.6 cm

Fruit width mean:

0.7 cm

Reproduction asexual :

present

Seed mass max:

0.08911 g

Seed mass mean:

0.055383333 g

Seed mass min:

0.0168 g

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Clerodendrum trichotomum has 5 reported plant parts identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, flower, fruit, leaf, stem.

Root

1. Fitoterapia
2. Phytochemistry
3. Frontiers in pharmacology

Flower

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Fruit

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Leaf

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Stem

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Chemicals

Clerodendrum trichotomum has 11 reported phytochemicals identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include 15-Dehydro-17-hydroxycyrtophyllone A, Anthraquinones, Clerodane Diterpenes, DEMETHYLCRYPTOJAPONOL, Flavonoids.

15-Dehydro-17-hydroxycyrtophyllone A

1. Journal of natural products

Anthraquinones

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Clerodane Diterpenes

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

DEMETHYLCRYPTOJAPONOL

1. Journal of natural products

Flavonoids

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Gold Nanoparticles

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Steroids

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

TEUVINCENONE B

1. Fitoterapia

Terpenoids

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Trichotomone

1. Journal of natural products

Activities

Clerodendrum trichotomum has 8 reported activities identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Analgesic, Antihypertensive, Antiinflammatory.

Antibacterial

1. SpringerPlus
2. Frontiers in pharmacology
3. International journal of nanomedicine

Antioxidant

1. SpringerPlus
2. Frontiers in pharmacology

Analgesic

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Antihypertensive

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Antiinflammatory

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Antitumor

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Cytotoxic

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Sedative

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Conditions

Clerodendrum trichotomum has 7 reported investigations on conditions identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, analgesic, antihypertensive, antioxidant.

Klebsiella pneumoniae

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Staphylococcus aureus

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Analgesic

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Antihypertensive

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Antioxidant

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Breast cancer

1. International journal of nanomedicine

Sedative

1. Frontiers in pharmacology

Preparations

Clerodendrum trichotomum has 1 reported preparations identified across 7 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include methanol extract.

Methanol extract

1. SpringerPlus