What to know about Cleome viscosa (spider flower) before using it medicinally

Cleome viscosa, commonly known as spider flower, is a herb that has been used for centuries to promote overall health and well-being due to its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and antimicrobial properties, which help to soothe and heal various ailments.

The spider flower is a low-maintenance and versatile herb, often used in home gardens and landscapes for its decorative flowers and attractive foliage. Botanically, Cleome viscosa is characterized by its small, white or pink flowers, which bloom in clusters, and its hairy, ovate leaves, which grow on a slender stem.

Historically, the herb has been mentioned in various ancient medicinal texts, including the Ayurvedic and Unani traditions, where it was prized for its healing and restorative properties.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Cleome viscosa.

What are the medicinal properties of Cleome viscosa?

Cleome viscosa helps with various health conditions, including fever reduction, diarrhea treatment, and skin infections management. Its medicinal properties also aid in relieving anxiety and depression symptoms. Traditionally, it has been used to treat respiratory issues like bronchitis and asthma.

The active constituents responsible for its medicinal properties are alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids, which have been identified in various studies. These compounds have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. They are also involved in modulating the immune system and reducing oxidative stress.

The most commonly used parts of the plant for medicinal purposes are the leaves and flowers. The leaves contain higher concentrations of alkaloids and glycosides, making them more potent for fever reduction and diarrhea treatment. The flowers, on the other hand, are rich in terpenoids and are often used to treat respiratory issues.

When used improperly, Cleome viscosa can cause allergic reactions, such as skin rashes and itching. It can also interact with certain medications, including blood thinners and diuretics, leading to adverse effects like bleeding and dehydration.

When using Cleome viscosa medicinally, it is essential to take certain precautions. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using it due to the potential risk of teratogenic effects. It is also recommended to consult a healthcare professional before using it, especially if you have any underlying medical conditions or are taking medications.

What are the horticulural aspects of Cleome viscosa?

Cleome viscosa grow well in full sun to partial shade and require well-drained soil with a pH between 6.1 and 7.5. They thrive in temperatures between 64°F and 85°F (18°C and 30°C) and require moderate watering.

Planting tips for Cleome viscosa involve sowing seeds directly in the ground in spring or fall, 1/4 inch deep and 12 inches apart. They can also be started indoors 4-6 weeks before the last frost date. Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil consistently moist until seedlings emerge.

For optimal flowering, harvest the flowers regularly to encourage the plant to produce more blooms. Remove spent flowers by cutting them off at the base, and trim back the plant by one-third after the blooming period to promote healthy growth.

Common pests affecting Cleome viscosa include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Root rot and leaf spot can also occur due to overwatering, while powdery mildew is more likely to develop in humid environments. Regular inspection and proper care can help prevent these issues.

What are the botanical aspects of Cleome viscosa?

Cleome viscosa is a flowering plant characterized by its hairy stems, pinnate leaves, and clusters of small, bell-shaped flowers. The leaves are typically 2-4 cm long and 1-3 cm wide, with 3-7 leaflets. The flowers are 1-2 cm long, white, pink, or purple, and are often accompanied by a distinctive, spider-like odor.

Taxonomically, Cleome viscosa belongs to the family Cleomaceae, order Brassicales, and is native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World. It is a member of the genus Cleome, which comprises about 170 species of flowering plants. The plant's classification is based on its morphological characteristics, such as leaf shape and flower structure.

Cleome viscosa exhibits several variants, including 'purpurea', 'alba', and 'rosea', which differ in flower color and size. Some cultivars, like 'Purple Spider', have been bred for their vibrant purple flowers. These variants are often grown in gardens for their ornamental value and ease of cultivation.

Cleome viscosa has a wide geographical distribution, occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands. It thrives in well-drained soils and full sun, often growing as a weed or invasive species in certain areas.

The life cycle of Cleome viscosa typically begins with germination, followed by vegetative growth and flowering. The plant produces seeds in late summer or early fall, which disperse and germinate the following spring. The life cycle is approximately 120-150 days, with the plant dying back after seed production.

What are the historical aspects of Cleome viscosa?

Cleome viscosa is a plant with a long history of medicinal uses. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used to treat fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. The plant's leaves and roots are used in decoctions and infusions. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is used to treat coughs, colds, and respiratory issues.

In Greek mythology, the spider flower is associated with the goddess Aphrodite, who was said to have used the plant's fragrance to allure her lovers. The plant's flowers are also said to resemble the goddess's web-like beauty. This mythological reference reflects the plant's unique appearance and fragrance.

The spider flower has a rich symbolic meaning in various cultures. In Christianity, the plant's white flowers symbolize purity and innocence. In some African cultures, the plant's leaves are used in initiation rituals to mark the transition from childhood to adulthood. The plant's spider-like flowers also symbolize the connection between the individual and the web of life.

The historical texts of the spider flower can be found in ancient botanical texts such as the Materia Medica of Dioscorides. This 1st-century CE text describes the plant's medicinal uses and properties. The plant is also mentioned in the 10th-century CE Chinese medical text, the Bencao Gangmu, which provides more detailed information on its traditional uses and preparations.

Historical artifacts that feature the spider flower include ancient Chinese ceramics and textiles that depict the plant's flowers and leaves. The plant's image can also be found in traditional Indian and African art, often used to symbolize fertility and abundance. These artifacts provide a glimpse into the plant's cultural significance and its enduring presence in human history.