What to know about Cleome gynandra (spider flower) before using it medicinally

Cleome gynandra, commonly known as spider flower, is an herb that has been traditionally used to enhance digestive health and relieve various respiratory conditions by reducing inflammation and promoting detoxification.

Cultivated for its vibrant, pinkish-purple blooms, the plant is a popular ornamental in tropical and subtropical regions, thriving in full sun with minimal care. Botanically, Cleome gynandra belongs to the Cleomaceae family and is characterized by its unique, almost tropical appearance, with oval-shaped leaves and clusters of tiny flowers.

This herb has been documented in ancient medical texts, such as the Ayurvedic and Unani traditions, where it was valued for its medicinal properties and used in various remedies for centuries.

This article explains the medicinal, horticultural, botanical, and historical aspects of Cleome gynandra.

What are the medicinal properties of Cleome gynandra?

Cleome gynandra helps with various health issues including fever, cough, and skin conditions due to its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antibacterial properties.

The active constituents of Cleome gynandra responsible for its medicinal properties are alkaloids, glycosides, and flavonoids, which have been identified through various studies and analyses.

The leaves and roots of the plant are the most commonly used parts for medicinal purposes, particularly in traditional folk medicine, due to their high content of bioactive compounds.

Improper use of Cleome gynandra may lead to gastrointestinal upset, allergic reactions, and interactions with other medications, particularly those that affect the cardiovascular system and kidney function.

When using Cleome gynandra medicinally, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the safe dosage and potential interactions with other substances, as well as to monitor for any adverse effects.

What are the horticulural aspects of Cleome gynandra?

Cleome gynandra grow in well-draining soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. It prefers full sun to partial shade and can tolerate temperatures up to 30°C. Water moderately, allowing the top 2-3 cm of soil to dry between waterings.

For optimal growth, plant Cleome gynandra in a location with good air circulation. Space plants 30-60 cm apart, and 10-15 cm deeper than the potting mix depth. Sow seeds directly in the ground in spring, when the danger of frost has passed. Avoid transplanting, as this can cause root disturbance.

Harvest flowers regularly to encourage bushy growth and prevent the plant from flowering prematurely. Pinch or cut off buds to use in arrangements, and remove spent flowers to maintain plant appearance. Leaves can be harvested for use in salads, but do not pick them too frequently to avoid damaging the plant.

Common pests of Cleome gynandra include aphids, whiteflies, and spider mites. Leaf spot and powdery mildew are frequent fungal diseases. Regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation or disease, and treat promptly with insecticidal soap or fungicides. Maintain good hygiene and air circulation to prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

What are the botanical aspects of Cleome gynandra?

Cleome gynandra is a perennial herb with a stout stem, often hairy, and simple leaves that are lance-shaped or ovate. The plant has a basal rosette and a central inflorescence. It grows up to 1.5 meters tall and 1 meter wide.

Cleome gynandra is classified in the family Cleomaceae and is native to tropical Africa. It belongs to the genus Cleome and is closely related to Cleome rutidosperma. The plant is further divided into two species: Cleome gynandra and Cleome houtsonii. The genus Cleome has about 100 species.

Several variants of Cleome gynandra have been identified, including the 'Tricolor' and 'Rouge' varieties. These variants exhibit differences in leaf shape, flower color, and growth habit. The 'Tricolor' variety has tricolored leaves with red, white, and yellow markings. The 'Rouge' variety has deep red flowers.

Cleome gynandra has a wide geographical distribution, including tropical Africa, southern Africa, and parts of Asia. It grows in a variety of habitats, including grasslands, savannas, and open woodlands. The plant is found in countries such as South Africa, Kenya, and India.

The life cycle of Cleome gynandra typically begins with seed germination in 1-3 months. The plant produces flowers in 3-4 months after germination, and seed pods follow soon after. The plant flowers and seeds continuously throughout its growing season, which lasts for about 6-9 months.

What are the historical aspects of Cleome gynandra?

Cleome gynandra is a plant with a long history of use in traditional medicine, particularly in Africa and Asia. It has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including fever, rheumatism, and skin conditions. The plant's leaves and seeds are also used as a poultice for wounds.

In some African cultures, the spider flower is associated with the spider goddess, who is revered for her cunning and fertility. The plant's flowers, which resemble a spider's web, are said to symbolize the goddess's power and protection. This mythological reference highlights the plant's significance in traditional spiritual practices.

The spider flower has a range of symbolic meanings across different cultures. In some cases, the plant is seen as a symbol of good luck, prosperity, and fertility. In others, it is associated with protection, strength, and resilience. The plant's complex meanings reflect its significance in various cultural contexts.

In historical texts, the spider flower is mentioned in works such as the "Materia Medica" by Li Shizhen, a 16th-century Chinese medical text. The plant is also listed in the "African Plant Database", which provides information on the plant's distribution, uses, and properties. These texts demonstrate the plant's significance in traditional medicine and its cultural importance.

Historical artifacts related to the spider flower include traditional medicines, ritual objects, and artwork featuring the plant. Examples include ceramics, textiles, and sculptures depicting the plant's flowers and leaves. These artifacts reflect the plant's cultural significance and its enduring presence in traditional practices and art forms.