Claoxylon indicum
Claoxylon indicum · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (2 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
Claoxylon indicum is a botanical species recognized for its diverse range of significant pharmacological properties. Research indicates that methanol extracts of this plant exhibit potent antimalarial, anthelmintic, anti-HIV, and antibacterial activities. These therapeutic effects are largely attributed to a rich profile of bioactive secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, saponins, sterols, and tannins. By leveraging these chemical constituents, the plant serves as a valuable subject for drug discovery and traditional medicine studies. Understanding its complex phytochemical composition provides essential insights into its potential as a natural medicinal resource.
- Synonyms
- Claoxylon Indicum Var. Spathulatum · Claoxylon Polot · 11 more
- Common names
- Not available
- Family
- Euphorbiaceae
- Distribution
- Not available
- Plant Parts
- Not available
Classification
Common Names
Claoxylon indicum is a botanical species known by a diverse array of local and international names. In certain regions, it is frequently referred to by the common names Bleketupuk and Katerbik. It also carries the distinct titles of Laping Budak and Talingkup within specific cultural contexts. Furthermore, the plant is recognized in Japan by its common name, ヤワラバノキ. This variety of nomenclature highlights the widespread geographical presence and cultural significance of the species.
Sources: Catalogue of Life (COL)
Synonyms
Claoxylon indicum is a botanical species characterized by a complex network of taxonomic synonyms. Within scientific literature, it is frequently identified by the alternative name Claoxylon caerulescens. The plant also encompasses several specific variations, including the forms Claoxylon indicum f. gracilius and Claoxylon indicum var. spathulatum. Furthermore, morphological distinctions have led to the designations of Claoxylon indicum var. macrophyllum and Claoxylon macrophyllum. Understanding these overlapping relationships is essential for accurate identification and classification in the field.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Taxonomy
Claoxylon indicum is a notable member of the kingdom Plantae. This specific species belongs to the genus Claoxylon, showcasing its unique botanical characteristics. Within the broader biological hierarchy, it is classified under the order Malpighiales. It further finds its place within the diverse family Euphorbiaceae. Finally, the plant is categorized under the class Equisetopsida, completing its scientific profile.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Malpighiales |
| Family | Euphorbiaceae |
| Genus | Claoxylon |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
Geographic Regions
Claoxylon indicum displays a diverse geographical range that spans across both temperate and tropical regions of Asia. In the temperate zones, the species is widely distributed throughout various parts of China, including the South-Central and Southeast regions. Its presence is also noted on the island of Hainan, marking a significant point in its Chinese distribution. Moving into tropical territories, the plant extends its reach into Indo-China, specifically within Cambodia. Furthermore, its habitat includes the Andaman Islands, illustrating a broad ecological footprint across the continent.
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Identification
Morphology
Claoxylon indicum is a distinctive species characterized by its robust tree growth form. As a self-supporting plant, it maintains a sturdy and stable structure within its natural habitat. The height of this tree can vary significantly, reaching a minimum of 3 meters in certain conditions. While some specimens may only grow to 6.75 meters, others can achieve a more substantial presence. Ultimately, the maximum height for this species is typically capped at 12 meters.
Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)
Biological Activities
Claoxylon indicum is a medicinal plant traditionally utilized by the Nicobarese tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Recent scientific investigations into methanol extracts of this species have highlighted its significant therapeutic potential. Specifically, the study found that the plant demonstrates notable antimicrobial activity when tested via the agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, researchers identified its effectiveness in addressing malaria, contributing to its status as one of the most active plants in the study. These biological properties are likely attributed to the presence of essential phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins.
Compounds
Claoxylon indicum is a significant medicinal plant used traditionally by the Nicobarese tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Preliminary photochemical analysis reveals that its methanol extracts are rich in several bioactive secondary metabolites. Specifically, the plant contains essential compounds such as flavonoids and saponins. Furthermore, the presence of sterols and tannins contributes to its complex chemical profile. The inclusion of triterpenes further supports the plant's potential antimicrobial and antimalarial activities.
Conditions
Claoxylon indicum demonstrates significant medicinal potential through its demonstrated antimicrobial properties. In studies evaluating methanol extracts from plants used by Nicobarese tribes, this species was identified as one of the most active against microbes. Furthermore, the plant is recognized for its therapeutic contributions regarding antimalarial activity. These biological effects are likely driven by the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins within the extract. Consequently, Claoxylon indicum serves as a vital component in treating both microbial infections and malaria.
Preparations
Claoxylon indicum is prepared as methanol extracts to investigate its medicinal potential. These specific extracts were obtained through the cold percolation method for further scientific analysis. Researchers utilized these methanol-based preparations to evaluate both antimicrobial and antimalarial activities. The study found that Claoxylon indicum was among the most active plants when tested using these extracts. This preparation process allows for the identification of bioactive compounds like alkaloids and flavonoids within the plant.