Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium
Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium · Accepted scientific name
Scientific literature: Very Sparse (4 studies) · ★☆☆☆☆
, scientifically known as Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium, is the botanical source of bitter orange. Renowned in traditional medicine, this plant offers potent bioactive compounds like hesperidin. Often used to support metabolic health and manage stress, it serves as a vital cornerstone in herbal pharmacology and natural wellness therapies.
- Family
- Rutaceae
- Native range
- Europe
- Parts used
- Not available
- Common names
- Not available
- Scientific synonyms
- Aurantium × Myrtifolium · Aurantium × Sinense · 219 more
Names and Synonyms
Scientific Names
Accepted name
Citrus × aurantium f. aurantiumSynonyms
- Aurantium × myrtifolium
- Aurantium × sinense
- Citrus × aurantium subsp. amara
- Citrus × aurantium subf. soyu
- Citrus × keraji
- Citrus × mutabilis
- Citrus × natsudaidai
- Citrus × reshni
- Citrus × sinensis subsp. crassa
- Citrus × aurantium var. nobilis
- Citrus × bigaradia var. corniculata
- Citrus × bigaradia var. hispanica
- Citrus × sinensis var. myrtifolia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. sinensis
- Citrus × aurantium subsp. natsudaidai
- Citrus × aurantium var. amara
- Citrus × aurantium var. daidai
- Citrus × aurantium subf. benikawa
- Citrus × pumila var. myrtifolia
- Citrus × pumila var. sinensis
- Citrus × aurantium subf. cyathifera
- Citrus × aurantium subf. truncata
- Citrus × nobilis subf. koshotankan
- Citrus grandis var. racemosa
- Citrus × aurantium f. intermedia
- Citrus decumana var. paradisi
- Citrus × aurantium var. bigaradia
- Citrus gracilis var. dulcis
- Citrus decumana var. patoniana
- Citrus × pomelana
- Citrus × nobilis var. kikaijimense
- Citrus × pseudograndis
- Citrus × aurantium var. dulcis
- Citrus × aurantium var. angustifolia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. variegata
- Citrus × sinensis var. aurantia
- Citrus × sinensis var. longifolia
- Citrus × sinensis var. plumosa
- Citrus × sinensis var. variegata
- Citrus × aurantium var. balearica
- Citrus × aurantium var. microcarpon
- Citrus × aurantium var. duplex
- Citrus × aurantium var. hierochuntica
- Citrus × aurantium var. ilicifolia
- Citrus × vulgaris var. folio-crispa
- Citrus × vulgaris var. multiflora
- Citrus × vulgaris var. florifera
- Citrus × vulgaris var. hispanica
- Citrus × vulgaris var. rugosa
- Citrus × vulgaris var. pulpa-duci
- Citrus × vulgaris var. glaberrima
- Citrus × vulgaris var. chinensis
- Citrus × vulgaris var. myrtifolia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. asperma
- Citrus × bigaradia var. bifera
- Citrus × bigaradia var. bigamia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. bizarria
- Citrus × bigaradia var. caliculata
- Citrus × bigaradia var. canaliculata
- Citrus × bigaradia var. coronata
- Citrus × leiocarpa
- Citrus × bigaradia var. cortice-aeduli
- Citrus × bigaradia var. crispifolia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. duplex
- Citrus × bigaradia var. fetifera
- Citrus × aurantium var. crassa
- Citrus × bigaradia var. florentina
- Citrus × bigaradia var. florifera
- Citrus × aurantium subsp. nobilis
- Citrus × bigaradia var. gallesiana
- Citrus × bigaradia var. glaberrima
- Citrus × bigaradia var. itan
- Citrus × bigaradia var. longifolia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. macrocarpa
- Citrus × bigaradia var. mammillata
- Citrus × bigaradia var. multiflora
- Citrus × bigaradia var. myrtifolia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. neapolitana
- Citrus × bigaradia var. racemosus
- Citrus × bigaradia var. salicifolia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. spatafora
- Citrus × bigaradia var. sulcata
- Citrus × bigaradia var. sylvestris
- Citrus × bigaradia var. violacea
- Citrus × aurantium var. asperma
- Citrus × aurantium var. carnosa
- Citrus × aurantium var. colla
- Citrus × aurantium subf. jiyu
- Citrus × aurantium var. corniculata
- Citrus × aurantium subf. medioglobosa
- Citrus × aurantium var. crispa
- Citrus × aurantium var. depressa
- Citrus × aurantium var. elliptica
- Citrus × aurantium var. fetifera
- Citrus × aurantium subf. hakunikuyu
- Citrus × aurantium subf. pseudogulgul
- Citrus × aurantium var. grassensis
- Citrus × aurantium var. imbiga
- Citrus × aurantium subf. mitsuyu
- Citrus × aurantium var. latifolia
- Citrus × aurantium var. myrtifolia
- Citrus × aurantium f. natsudaidai
- Citrus × aurantium var. lunata
- Citrus × aurantium subf. sulcata
- Citrus × aurantium var. lusitanica
- Citrus × aurantium var. mammifera
- Citrus × aurantium var. melitensis
- Citrus × aurantium subf. sekitoyu
- Citrus × aurantium var. mandarina
- Citrus × aurantium subsp. sinensis
- Citrus × aurantium var. multiflora
- Citrus × aurantium subf. sinensis
- Citrus × aurantium var. mutabilis
- Citrus × aurantium var. oblonga
- Citrus × aurantium var. oryza
- Citrus × aurantium var. praecox
- Citrus × aurantium var. pyramidalis
- Citrus × aurantium subf. banyu
- Citrus × aurantium var. pyriformis
- Citrus × aurantium var. ruginosa
- Citrus × aurantium var. rugosa
- Citrus × aurantium subf. dulcis
- Citrus × aurantium var. sigillata
- Citrus × aurantium subf. glaberrima
- Citrus × aurantium var. tarda
- Citrus × aurantium var. umbilicata
- Citrus × aurantium var. nicaensis
- Citrus × aurantium var. genuensis
- Citrus × aurantium var. gibbosa
- Citrus × subcompressa
- Citrus × aurantium var. limetiformis
- Citrus × sinensis
- Citrus × aurantium var. limoniformis
- Citrus × aurantium var. vulgaris
- Citrus × sinensis subsp. fetifera
- Citrus × vulgaris var. corniculata
- Citrus × sinensis subsp. hierochuntica
- Citrus × sinensis subsp. lusitanica
- Citrus sabon f. jiyu
- Citrus sabon f. mitsuyu
- Citrus sabon f. sekitoyu
- Citrus × vulgaris var. fuctu-maxima
- Citrus × racemosa
- Citrus × panuban
- Citrus × nobilis subf. yatsushiro
- Citrus × nobilis subf. kotokan
- Citrus × nobilis subf. pseudograndis
- Citrus × nobilis subf. benikoji
- Citrus × myrtifolia
- Citrus × nobilis subf. ishikawa-unshu
- Citrus × nobilis subf. jyuma-unshu
- Citrus × nobilis subf. keraji
- Citrus × nobilis subf. genshokan
- Citrus grandis var. glaberrima
- Citrus grandis var. kotokan
- Citrus grandis var. natsudaidai
- Citrus × humilis
- Citrus grandis var. sulcata
- Citrus × aurantium var. voangkely
- Citrus × sinensis f. sekkan
- Citrus × truncata
- Citrus × vulgaris
- Citrus × yatsushiro
- Citrus × amara
- Citrus × aurantium var. limetta
- Citrus × aurantium var. reshni
- Citrus × aurantium var. sanguinea
- Citrus × aurantium var. sinensis
- Citrus × aurantium subsp. suntra
- Citrus × aurantium var. natsudaidai
- Citrus × benikoji
- Citrus × bigaradia
- Citrus × bigaradia var. cyathifera
- Citrus × calot
- Citrus × changshan-huyou
- Citrus × communis
- Citrus × daidai
- Citrus decumana var. panuban
- Citrus × dulcimedulla
- Citrus decumana var. racemosa
- Citrus × florida
- Citrus × fusca
- Citrus × glaberrima
- Citrus grandis var. dulcis
- Citrus grandis f. benikawa
- Citrus grandis var. brunneorugosa
- Citrus × intermedia
- Citrus × karna
- Citrus × kotokan
- Citrus × maderaspatana
- Citrus maxima var. uvacarpa
- Citrus × medioglobosa
- Citrus × nobilis
- Citrus × nobilis subf. hayashi-unshu
- Citrus × nobilis var. genshokan
- Citrus × nobilis var. rubrifrons
- Citrus × nobilis subf. rubrifrons
- Citrus × nobilis subf. miyagawa-wase
- Citrus × nobilis subf. yonezawa-unshu
- Citrus × nobilis var. subcompressa
- Citrus × nobilis subf. tachimawase
- Citrus × nobilis subf. sugiyama-unshu
- Citrus × pseudogulgul
- Citrus pompelmos var. racemosa
- Citrus × paradisi
- Citrus × rumphii
- Citrus sabon f. banyu
- Citrus sabon f. hakunikuyu
- Citrus sabon f. soyu
- Citrus × sulcata
- Citrus × tangelo
- Citrus × tankan f. koshotankan
- Citrus × taiwanica
- Aurantium × acre
- Aurantium × bigarella
- Aurantium × humile
- Aurantium × orientale
- Aurantium × corniculatum
- Aurantium × coronatum
- Aurantium × silvestre
- Aurantium × variegatum
Sources: Wikidata
Taxonomical Classification
This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae and the phylum Streptophyta, falling under the class Equisetopsida and subclass Magnoliidae. Within the order Sapindales and the family Rutaceae, it is classified under the genus Citrus. Its specific taxonomic designation is Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium.
| Rank | Classification |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Plantae |
| Phylum | Streptophyta |
| Class | Equisetopsida |
| Subclass | Magnoliidae |
| Order | Sapindales |
| Family | Rutaceae |
| Genus | Citrus |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Distribution
This plant exhibits a diverse geographical distribution across several Mediterranean regions. In Southwestern Europe, its presence is well-documented in both Portugal and Spain. Moving toward Southeastern Europe, the species can be found growing in Albania. It also maintains a significant presence within the territory of Italy. Finally, its range extends into Northern Africa, specifically within the borders of Algeria.
| Region | Area |
|---|---|
| Southwestern Europe | Portugal |
| Southwestern Europe | Spain |
| Southeastern Europe | Albania |
| Southeastern Europe | Italy |
| Northern Africa | Algeria |
| Northern Africa | Egypt |
| Northern Africa | Libya |
| Northern Africa | Morocco |
| Northern Africa | Tunisia |
| Macaronesia | Canary Is. |
Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)
Chemicals
Citrus × aurantium f. aurantium has 3 reported phytochemicals identified across 0 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include D-Limonene, benzethonium chloride, kaempferol.
| Chemical | Supporting sources | Consensus |
|---|---|---|
| D-Limonene | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| benzethonium chloride | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
| kaempferol | 1 supporting sources | ★☆☆☆☆ |
D-Limonene
- Heliyon
benzethonium chloride
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
kaempferol
- Cardiovascular & hematological disorders drug targets