Cichorium glandulosum

Names and Synonyms

Scientific Names

Accepted name

Sources: Wikidata, Catalogue of Life

Taxonomical Classification

This plant belongs to the kingdom Plantae within the phylum Streptophyta and is classified under the class Equisetopsida. As a member of the subclass Magnoliidae and the order Asterales, it falls into the family Asteraceae. Finally, it is categorized under the genus Cichorium.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Distribution

This plant, known scientifically as Cichorium glandulosum, possesses a very specific and limited geographical range. Its presence is primarily concentrated within the region of Western Asia. Specifically, the species is documented to grow naturally within the borders of Türkiye. This localized distribution suggests that the plant is endemic to certain environmental conditions found in that part of the world. Consequently, its occurrence is highly restricted to these particular topographical areas.

Sources: The World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP)

Botanical Identification

Ecology

The ecology of Cichorium glandulosum is characterized by its specialized preference for high-altitude environments, specifically thriving within mountainous regions. This species is adapted to the distinct climatic conditions found in montane landscapes, where it occupies specific niches shaped by varying elevations and terrain. Its distribution is closely tied to these mountain habitats, which provide the necessary environmental parameters for its growth and survival. Within these rugged ecosystems, the plant interacts with the unique soil compositions and temperature fluctuations inherent to montane life zones, playing a specific role in the biological community of these elevated terrains.

Habitat :

mountains

Life history

The life history of Cichorium glandulosum is characterized by a variable lifecycle that can manifest as an annual, biennial, or perennial plant depending on environmental conditions and resource availability. As a member of the Asteraceae family, its developmental stages begin with seed germination, leading to the establishment of a basal rosette of leaves. In its annual phase, the plant focuses rapid energy on vegetative growth followed by immediate flowering and seed production within a single growing season. When functioning as a biennial, it undergoes a period of vegetative establishment in the first year, storing nutrients in a root system to support a robust reproductive phase in the second year. In its perennial form, the plant maintains a more stable presence in the ecosystem, allowing for repeated reproductive cycles over multiple years. This lifecycle flexibility enables the species to adapt to diverse ecological niches and fluctuating seasonal patterns.

Lifecycle :

annual

Morphology

The morphology of Cichorium glandulosum is characterized by its growth form as a herb, manifesting specifically as a non-woody herb and a forb. This plant typically reaches a height ranging from a minimum of 0.2 m to a maximum of 0.7 m. In terms of its structural habit, it is classified as a self-supporting plant, lacking the characteristics of an obligatory or facultative climber.

Climber :

self-supporting

Growth form :

herb

Plant height max:

0.7 m

Plant height min:

0.2 m

Woodiness :

non-woody

Physiology

The physiology of Cichorium glandulosum is characterized by distinct morphological parameters regarding its vegetative structure, specifically concerning its foliar development. The leaves exhibit a consistent growth pattern with a mean length of 14 cm, typically ranging from a minimum of 13.5 cm to a maximum of 14.5 cm. This longitudinal dimension is complemented by a controlled width profile, where the leaves maintain a mean width of 3.5 cm. The breadth of the foliage fluctuates within a narrow physiological range, spanning from a minimum width of 3 cm to a maximum width of 4 cm. These standardized leaf dimensions suggest a regulated expansion process essential for the plant's photosynthetic surface area and overall metabolic efficiency.

Leaf length max:

14.5 cm

Leaf length mean:

14 cm

Leaf length min:

13.5 cm

Leaf width max:

4 cm

Leaf width mean:

3.5 cm

Leaf width min:

3 cm

Reproduction

The reproduction of Cichorium glandulosum is characterized by a specific flowering phenology and distinct fruit morphology. The plant begins its flowering period in June and continues its reproductive cycle through until September. During this phase, it produces fruits that exhibit measurable variations in size; the fruit length typically ranges from a minimum of 0.2 cm to a maximum of 0.35 cm, with an overall mean fruit length of approximately 0.275 cm.

Flowering time :

Jun

Flowering time :

Sep

Fruit length max:

0.35 cm

Fruit length mean:

0.275 cm

Fruit length min:

0.2 cm

Sources: Global Inventory of Floras and Traits (GIFT)

Plant Parts

Cichorium glandulosum has 2 reported plant parts identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases that are studied for medicinal purposes. The most consistently reported plant part include root, seed.

Root

1. Fitoterapia

Seed

1. Fitoterapia

Chemicals

Cichorium glandulosum has 10 reported phytochemicals identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported chemicals include Lactucin, Lactucopicrin, 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid, Baicalin, Chicoric acid.

Lactucin

1. Fitoterapia
2. Phytochemistry

Lactucopicrin

1. Computational biology and chemistry
2. Journal of chromatography. A

3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid

1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Baicalin

1. Computational biology and chemistry

Chicoric acid

1. Computational biology and chemistry

Dicaffeoylquinic acid

1. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

Isochlorogenic acid A

1. Computational biology and chemistry

Santamarine

1. Fitoterapia

Scorzoside

1. Fitoterapia

Sesquiterpenes

1. Fitoterapia

Activities

Cichorium glandulosum has 4 reported activities identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported activities include Antioxidant, Hepatoprotective, Hypoglycemic, Neuroprotective.

Antioxidant

1. Journal of ethnopharmacology

Hepatoprotective

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Hypoglycemic

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Neuroprotective

1. Fitoterapia

Conditions

Cichorium glandulosum has 2 reported investigations on conditions identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported conditions include hypoglycemic, neuroinflammation.

Hypoglycemic

1. Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Neuroinflammation

1. Phytochemistry

Preparations

Cichorium glandulosum has 3 reported preparations identified across 2 scientific publications and several other databases. The most consistently reported preparations include aqueous extract, n-butanol extract, n-butanol fraction from the aqueous extract.

Aqueous extract

1. Computational biology and chemistry

N-butanol extract

1. Computational biology and chemistry

N-butanol fraction from the aqueous extract

1. Computational biology and chemistry